基于线粒体基因的新疆托氏兔遗传多样性和种群遗传结构评价

旨在利用线粒体基因测序方法评价新疆托氏兔的遗传多样性水平,并探究亚种间的遗传结构.本研究通过PCR扩增及测序技术,获得来自新疆北部、西北部以及中东部地区的共计78例新疆托氏兔线粒体DNA的CO1和D-LOOP基因序列,并采用生物信息学的方法进行数据分析.结果 表明,78个新疆托氏兔样本的合并序列共定义了68种单倍型,新...     

16S~23SrRNA基因序列在细菌鉴定中的应用

近些年围绕16S~23S rRNA基因间隔区发展起来的分子生物学技术为细菌多样性的研究开辟了新的途径,使得人们在细菌多样性的研究中得以摆脱传统分离培养的束缚,进而使分析方法得以长足拓展,并为指导实践提供可靠的理论依据,作者就16S~23S rRNA基因间隔区序列的特点、应用及发展前景作一简述。     

利用SSR标记分析高粱属种质资源的遗传多样性

本研究利用15对SSR 引物对161 份高粱属种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示,15对引物共扩增出118条谱带,其中88条具有多态性,多态性比率(P)为75.21%;多态性信息含量(PIC值)变幅为0.612~0.806,平均为0.699。161份高粱属材料遗传相似性系数为0.636~0.977,平均基因多样性指数(H)为0.696,Shannon信息指数(I)为1.393。UPGMA聚类分析显示, 161 份高粱属材料在遗传相似系数(GS)为0.682处可分为3组;129份高粱和苏丹草材料在相似系数为0.671处可分为2组。表明SSR标记可以作为高粱属种间以及种内遗传分化分析的有力工具,被分析的高粱属种质材料具有较高的遗传多样性。     

东江水源涵养林不同混交组合林下植物多样性研究

为揭示东江水源涵养林5 年生8种不同混交组合林下植物多样性的差异及其规律。对8种 不同混交组合林分样地开展植物多样性调查,对每种混交组合林下的灌木、藤本、草本层进行植物 多样性评价。结果表明,林下植物丰富度指数均不高,Simpson指数与种间相遇机率(PIE) 在数值 上相等,但其与Shannon-Wiener指数间则相差较大;从林下植物多样性指标的聚类分析看,混交组 合楠木×锥栗、红苞木×枫香、火力楠×红锥、椆木×红锥、格木×海南红豆的植物多样性指数较高,而 混交组合红锥×枫香的植物多样性指数较低。     

四种不同食性鱼类肠道微生物群落组成及多样性比较分析

本研究旨在探讨食性对鱼类肠道菌群组成和多样性的影响,并预测特定菌群对不同营养素的潜在功能。实验采用高通量16S rRNA基因测序技术,提取获得滇池高背鲫(Carassius auratus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)、昆明裂腹鱼(Shizothorax grahami) 4种不同食性鱼类的肠道内容物,12个样品的16S rRNA,构建文库并测序,分析这4种鱼类肠道微生物的菌落组成和多样性。结果显示,鱼类肠道菌群多样性受到食性的显著影响(P<0.05),综合表现为杂食性(滇池高倍鲫) > 草食性(草鱼) > 滤食性(昆明裂腹鱼) > 肉食性(鳜鱼)。4种鱼类具有一些相同的优势菌群：变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。然而,优势菌群在属水平上存在一定差异,如不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)为鳜鱼的优势菌群,拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)为草鱼的优势菌群等。功能预测发现,鳜鱼肠道中以革兰氏阴性菌为主;草鱼抗病潜力略高于其他3种鱼类;约氏不动杆菌(A._ johnsonii)、鲁氏不动杆菌(A. lwoffii)和施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)可能有助于宿主对蛋白质的消化,而拟杆菌属中的某些菌群可能有助于宿主消化纤维素。综上所述,食性是影响鱼类肠道菌群组成和多样性差异化的主要因素之一,分析食性与肠道优势菌群之间的关联,探讨特异菌群的功能,可为研究鱼类营养代谢的微生物效应奠定理论基础。     

北美引进泡泡树的研究进展

泡泡树是一种原产于北美洲的乔木果树,其果实味美,营养丰富,富含多种矿质元素、维生素和氨基酸,具有较高的开发利用价值.目前,国内的一些科研单位已对泡泡树进行了引种栽培试验,并获得了成功.同时,对泡泡树的营养成分、繁殖技术、种植技术、遗传多样性等方面进行了研究,并取得一定进展.本文将对泡泡树研究现状进行整理,分析当前泡泡树...     

不同山茱萸种质资源形态和ISSR遗传多样性研究

利用形态特征和ISSR标记对35份山茱萸种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,利用NTSYSpc-2．11F软件分析遗传相似系数,UPGMA方法聚类,构建亲缘关系系统图。结果表明,35份山茱萸在9个性状上差异明显;分子标记中9条引物共得到条扩增条带179条,其中有164条呈现多态性,占91．6％,遗传相似系数变化范围O．575-0．877。对其进行数据化处理后聚类,35份山茱萸材料可划分为2个类群6小组,材料的聚类结果与地理分布、形态特征有一定的相关性。     

Habitat utilization and vertical movements of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) released from commercial and recreational fishing gears in the western North Atlantic Ocean: inferences from short duration pop-up archival satellite tags

Researchers have applied numerous techniques to improve billfish stock assessments, including habitat‐based models that incorporate behavioral and oceanographic parameters to standardize historical catch‐per‐unit‐effort time‐series data. These methods have allowed researchers to account for significant changes in the depths of pelagic longline (PLL) gear deployments over time. This study presents habitat‐use data recovered from high‐resolution 5‐ and 10‐day pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) attached to 47 surviving white marlin released from commercial and recreational fishing gears offshore of the U.S. East Coast, the northern Caribbean, and Venezuela between 2002 and 2004. Data recovered from transmitting tags indicated that white marlin spent nearly half of their time associated with warm, near‐surface waters (<10 m). All fish displayed frequent short duration (mean: 39.8 min) vertical excursions from surface waters to depths averaging 51 m. Qualitative and multivariate classifications of data from completely transmitted movements of surviving white marlin revealed two major types of descents: one pattern was characterized by deep ‘V’‐shaped excursions of relatively short duration (mean: 23.4 min) while the other featured descents that were more broadly ‘U’‐shaped and confined to a specific depth range for an extended period of time (mean: 75.8 min). Based on the frequency, persistence, and patterns of these vertical movements, white marlin appear to direct a considerable proportion of foraging effort well below surface waters, a behavior that may account for relatively high catch rates of white marlin on some deep‐set PLL deployments.     

Priority habitats for the conservation of large river fish in the Ganges river basin

• 1. Three classes of habitat used by groups of fish species classified as conservation and management priorities were developed for the Gerua River (also known as the Girwa River, Karnali River) in the Ganges river basin. This river is large (mean annual discharge ca 1500 m³ s^?1, up to 900 m wide), surrounded by protected lands of India and Nepal, and upstream of major diversions and river alterations.
• 2. Fish and habitat sampling was conducted at 45 sites from 2000 to 2003. Data were analysed for 2172 fish of 14 species. Species and life stages found occupying a statistically distinct subset of the river habitats were grouped to identify classes of river habitat for conservation.
• 3. Most species and life‐stage groups specialized on specific habitat conditions revealed by multivariate analyses of variance and a principal component analysis. The most numerous and diverse group (six species, 15 life stages) was associated with deep depositional habitats with sandy substrate. Two species covering three life stages were primarily oriented to erosional habitat marked by fast current velocity with pebble and cobble substrate. A third group of three species of adults and juveniles were intermediate in habitat use.
• 4. River conservation for fish faunas should maintain both erosional and depositional channel habitats with depths, substrates, and current velocity inclusive of the ranges reported. The erosional and depositional nature of the key habitats requires that rivers be maintained with flows capable of channel‐forming functions.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Freshwater mussel assemblage structure in a regulated river in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Basin,USA

• 1. This paper documents a diverse, reproducing freshwater mussel community (20 species) in Lower Lake — an impounded, regulated portion of the Little Tallahatchie River below Sardis Dam in Panola Co., Mississippi, USA.
• 2. Despite being regulated and impounded, the lake has a heterogeneous array of habitats that differ markedly in mussel community attributes. Four distinct habitat types were identified based on current velocity and substrate characteristics, representing a gradient from habitats having lotic characteristics to lentic habitats. All four habitat types supported mussels, but habitats most resembling unimpounded, lotic situations (relatively higher current velocity and coarser substrate) had the highest mussel abundance and species density (10.1 mussels m^?2, 1.8 species m^?2, respectively). Lentic habitats (no flow, fine substrate) were characterized by lower abundance and species density (2.0 mussels m^?2, 0.8 species m^?2, respectively), but supported mussel assemblages distinctive from lotic habitats.
• 3. Evidence of strong recent recruitment was observed for most species in the lake and was observed in all four habitat types.
• 4. Although impounded and regulated, Lower Lake represents one of the few areas of stable large‐stream habitat in the region. The presence of a diverse, healthy mussel community in this highly modified habitat suggests that a large component of the regional mussel fauna is relatively resilient and adaptable and is limited primarily by the absence of stable river reaches. Management actions that increase stream stability are likely to result in expansion of the mussel fauna and restoration of a valuable component of ecosystem function in this region.

Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.