利用高酸值餐饮废油脂制备生物柴油

以高酸值餐饮废油脂为原料,在酯化反应后再经两步酯交换反应制备生物柴油。在酯化反应中添加吸水剂可降低油脂的酸值,经一次酯化反应即可将油脂的酸值降至2m g/g左右,满足酯交换反应的要求。考察了酯化反应中吸水剂的添加方式、种类及其用量对酯化反应的影响,以及酯交换催化剂的种类及用量对脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)收率和产物组成的影响。实验结果表明,以凹凸棒土为吸水剂(用量为餐饮废油脂中游离脂肪酸质量的3%),且在酯化反应30m in时加入,酯化效果较好;以质量比为1∶1的NaOH和KOH混合物为催化剂进行两步酯交换反应时,催化剂的最佳用量依次为1.00%和0.75%(质量分数,基于油脂的质量),FAME收率最高达到96.33%。     

账面盈利与经营活动现金净流量的相关性研究——基于金属非金属行业上市公司的实证分析

对2004年中国证券市场上的129家金属和非金属行业上市公司的会计账面盈利与现金流量的相关性进行实证研究后,发现两者的相关程度很低,很大一部分上市公司的账面盈利没有形成相应的现金流入,导致两者之间产生“滞脱”的效应.因此,笔者认为在对企业的财务状况进行评价时,不能仅仅局限于使用一些反映企业账面盈利的指标,应该还需要考虑一些反映企业创造现金流量能力的指标.     

陈垃圾土的压缩性试验研究

首先介绍了重庆市主城区填埋场的现状，论述了深入研究陈垃圾土压缩特性的重要性。作者在简要总结了采样场内陈垃圾土的基本物理性质后。通过室内侧限压缩试验(亦称固结试验)，得出了描述陈垃圾土压缩性质的基本参数，如αv、Es、mv和Cc等，试验表明陈垃圾土是一种不同于常见土类的高压缩性欠固结土，试验结果可为填埋场再利用和已封闭填埋场的沉降计算提供依据。     

沸石处理稀土生产中氨氮废水的实验研究

为实现稀土生产中氨氮废水的治理,选用天然吸附材料沸石,用它的吸附和离子交换性能来处理稀土生产中的氨氮废水,采用静水和动水两种方法进行实验。实验结果表明,用沸石处理工业废水中的氨氮,去除率达50%以上。     

企业实施精益生产的探讨

通过描述造成企业经济效益差的原因之一——浪费，提出了如何实施精益生产，消除企业浪费，以提高企业经济效益．     

论科技论文英语摘要的表现形式

论述科技论文中英语摘要的文体风格、时态、语态和基本要求，并结合例句介绍了常用的表现形式，使之简洁、准确和流畅。     

Drying of Uncoated Paper with Gas-Fired Infrared Emitters—Optimum Emitters' Location Within a Paper Machine Drying Section

This article theoretically investigates the drying of uncoated paper with gas-fired infrared (IR) emitters installed within the drying section of a given commercial paper machine. Specifically, it presents the ideal location of two opposing IR emitters within the drying section. The ideal location of the two opposing IR emitters corresponds to the highest machine speed with specified average moisture content of paper sheet at the end of the drying section. This article also presents the average evaporation rate, temperature, and moisture content of the paper sheet as it travels through the drying section with the two opposing IR emitters operating at the optimum location. In addition, the temperature and moisture profiles in the sheet thickness direction, before and after the IR emitters, are provided. This article is not concerned with the potential effects of drying with IR emitters on paper sheet properties and machine runnability issues.     

Municipal solid waste conversion to energy

In recent years it has been recognised by an increasing number of nations that there is considerable energy potential within MSW. As a result many countries have established R,D& D programmes to examine methods of exploiting this potential. The IEA's MSW Conversion Activity was set up in 1986 to provide an infrastructure for sharing information and co-ordinating work in this area internationally. This Activity was extended in 1989 and currently a total of 9 nations participate in it.

To cope with the wide scope of the area (encompassing both biological and thermal processing of MSW) the Activity was divided into three subgroups or Expert Working Groups (EWGs). Each of these dealt with a distinct area of expertise:

1. •Downstream effects of source separation and screening of MSW

2. •Sampling and analytical protocols

3. •Landfill gas

In addition to these groups a central secretariat based at Harwell (UK) has provided guidance, established and administered databases of contacts and produced a series of national reports.

This paper describes the achievements of the Activity and discusses work proposed for the future.     

ICP－AES法测定工业废水中铬镍锌铜镉含量

研究了采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ田法测定工业废水中Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ和Ｃｄ含量的试验方法。该法用于国家标准水样和工业废水样品分析，获得满意的结果，并产生了经济和社会效益。     

Long-chain fatty ammonium quaternaries in papermaking

A series of long-chain quaternary ammonium halogen esters (UKK-chemicals), quaternary dimethyl tallow epoxypropyl ammonium halogens (EPK1), quaternary ditallow methyl epoxypropyl ammonium halogens (EPK2), and EPK2 oligomers (EPK2P) were synthesized. At acidic, neutral, or slightly basic conditions, EPK1-, EPK2-, EPK2P-, and UKK-chemicals operate as cationic chemicals. They can be used, for example, as stock sizings, surface sizings, or fixatives. Stock sizing, surface sizing, and fixative experiments indicate that EPK1-, EPK2-, EPK2P-, and UKK-chemicals function at least as well as or better than the corresponding synthetic chemicals used in papermaking.