固相萃取-气相色谱法测定催化裂化柴油中的酚类化合物

采用固相萃取法将催化裂化柴油中的酚类化合物与烃类化合物进行分离。优化了固相萃取的洗脱条件,考察了方法的回收率与重复性。采用气相色谱-质谱、气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器对分离富集的酚类化合物进行定性与定量分析。结果表明：在最优洗脱条件下,酚类化合物的回收率在93%~108%之间;同一样品重复分离5次后测定目标化合物的含量,结果的相对标准偏差小于5%,方法重复性较好;酚类化合物含量在2~300 μg/g内与峰面积具有良好的线性响应,不同类型酚类化合物的相对响应因子较为接近;催化裂化柴油酚类化合物主要是苯酚、萘酚、菲酚类化合物,其中以苯酚类化合物为主,其含量占酚类化合物总量的69.4%。固相萃取方法可以有效分离催化裂化柴油中的酚类化合物,可用于酚类化合物的定性定量分析过程。     

固相萃取法/全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱测定柴油及其加氢产品中的含硫化合物

开发了两种PdCl2-Al2O3固相萃取法,用于分离高硫柴油及加氢柴油中的硫化物,并建立了全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（GC×GC-TOF MS）定性分析柴油中硫化物的方法。该方法不仅能够有效去除柴油中其他组分对硫化物的干扰,清晰展现硫化物分布,还能够准确提供不同工艺生产的柴油及加氢前后柴油中硫化物类型及碳数分布信息。结果表明：高硫柴油及加氢柴油中近90%硫化物集中在分离出的含硫组分中,而且该组分中芳烃含量极少;直馏柴油和催化裂化柴油中分别归类并定性出8类757种硫化物和4类179种硫化物,在相应加氢产品中分别鉴定出4类98种硫化物和3类81种硫化物;加氢柴油中90%以上硫化物为二苯并噻吩类化合物,侧链碳数集中在低碳数段。     

固/液相等离子喷涂制备固体氧化物燃料电池复合电极

提出并研究以硅片为基体、采用固/液相等离子喷涂工艺制备固体氧化物燃料电池复合电极.固相送料方式喷涂阳极和阴极;悬浮液束流送料方式喷涂电解质.用CCD监测悬浮液束流与等离子射流形态,其特征分析结果表明最佳注射气压为0.25MPa.采用SEM和EDAX对电极涂层微观组织和组分进行分析,结果表明:喷涂距离是影响电解质涂层形貌...     

球形高分子刷作为包装纸防潮涂料初探

目的以二氧化硅为核、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为刷制备球形高分子刷,考察其作为包装纸防潮涂料主要成膜物质的性能。方法采用"从表面接枝"技术,通过引发剂引发单体聚合生成甲基丙烯酸甲酯球形刷,利用FTIR和TEM对球形高分子刷的结构及形态进行表征,并考察其作为涂料成膜物质的应用性能。结果合成的球形高分子刷具有良好的耐水性能,且在固含量达到40%以上时仍具有较低的粘度(64 m Pa?s)。结论该球形高分子刷具有高固低粘包装纸防潮涂料的应用价值。     

光固化3D打印陶瓷浆料及流变性研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

基于光固化技术原理的陶瓷3D打印因可制备尺寸精度高、表面光洁度好、显微结构均匀和力学性能优异的复杂结构陶瓷零件而备受关注,是实现高性能陶瓷零件增材制造的重要技术手段之一。该技术的核心是制备同时具有高固含量和良好打印适性要求的陶瓷浆料,其组成对固化效果和打印进程有着至关重要的影响。本文综述了立体光固化(stereolithography,SL)和数字光处理(digital light processing,DLP)两种主流光固化3D打印方法用于光固化陶瓷打印的技术方案和工作原理,比较了两者的优缺点。围绕近年来在陶瓷浆料领域的研究工作,讨论了单体/低聚物和稀释剂、分散剂、陶瓷颗粒物理性质以及固含量等对黏度、剪切稀化/增稠行为、黏弹性、屈服应力等流变行为的影响,并提出了光固化3D打印陶瓷浆料的主要发展趋势和面临的挑战,为构建高固含量光固化3D打印陶瓷浆料提供了一般性指导原则。     

PEO基固态聚合物电解质膜的静电纺丝制备及性能EI北大核心CSCD

PEO基固态聚合物电解质被认为是目前固态锂电池领域极具产业化前景的固态电解质。为适应工业化生产,采用静电纺丝技术制备PEO/LiClO_(4)固态聚合物电解质(SPE),研究纺丝电压、纺丝液质量浓度和锂盐含量对SPE纤维膜形貌和直径的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察SPE中纤维的形貌,利用Image J软件分析SPE纤维的直径。通过DSC,XRD,FTIR-ATR和拉伸测试等手段对静电纺丝制备的SPE纤维膜的组成、结构、性能等进行研究。结果表明:当纺丝电压为15 kV、PEO/LiClO_(4)纺丝液质量浓度为6%、[EO]∶[Li^(+)]=10∶1(摩尔比)时,静电纺丝方法制备的PEO/LiClO_(4) SPE纤维膜具有较好的纤维形貌,平均直径为557 nm,分布均一;当[EO]∶[Li^(+)]=10∶1时,SPE纤维膜中PEO的熔点仅为53.8℃,结晶度低至18.9%;电解质在30℃时的离子电导率达到5.16×10^(-5)S·cm^(-1),同时具备良好的电化学稳定性和界面稳定性。     

Hydrofluoric Acid-Removable Additive Optimizing Electrode Electrolyte Interphases with Li+ Conductive Moieties for 4.5 V Lithium Metal Batteries

High-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are capable to achieve the increasing energy density. However, their cycling life is seriously affected by unstable electrolyte/electrode interfaces and capacity instability at high voltage. Herein, a hydrofluoric acid (HF)-removable additive is proposed to optimize electrode electrolyte interphases for addressing the above issues. N, N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) aniline (DMPATMB) is used as the electrolyte additive to induce PF₆⁻ decomposition to form a dense and robust LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for suppressing Li dendrite growth. Moreover, DMPATMB can help to form highly Li⁺ conductive Li₃N and LiBO₂, which can boost the Li⁺ transport across SEI and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). In addition, DMPATMB can scavenge traced HF in the electrolyte to protect both SEI and CEI from the corrosion. As expected, 4.5 V Li|| LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ batteries with such electrolyte deliver 145 mAh g⁻¹ after 140 cycles at 200 mA g⁻¹. This work provides a novel insight into high-voltage electrolyte additives for LMBs.     

Plasma Enhanced Lithium Coupled with Cobalt Fibers Arrays for Advanced Energy Storage

Construction of high efficiency and stable Li metal anodes is extremely vital to the breakthrough of Li metal batteries. In this study, for the first time, groundbreaking in situ plasma interphase engineering is reported to construct high-quality lithium halides-dominated solid electrolyte interphase layer on Li metal to stabilize & protect the anode. Typically, SF₆ plasma-induced sulfured and fluorinated interphase (SFI) is composed of LiF and Li₂S, interwoven with each other to form a consecutive solid electrolyte interphase. Simultaneously, brand-new vertical Co fibers (diameter: ≈5 µm) scaffold is designed via a facile magnetic-field-assisted hydrothermal method to collaborate with plasma-enhanced Li metal anodes (SFI@Li/Co). The Co fibers scaffold accommodates active Li with mechanical integrity and decreases local current density with good lithiophilicity and low geometric tortuosity, supported by DFT calculations and COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. Consequently, the assembled symmetric cells with SFI@Li/Co anodes exhibit superior stability over 525 h with a small voltage hysteresis (125 mV at 5 mA cm⁻²) and improved Coulombic efficiency (99.7%), much better than the counterparts. Enhanced electrochemical performance is also demonstrated in full cells with commercial cathodes and SFI@Li/Co anode. The research offers a new route to develop advanced alkali metal anodes for energy storage.     

激光平面扫描3D测量系统快速标定技术

建立了激光平面扫描3D测量数学模型，提出了一种全新的3D测量系统参数的快速标定方法，设计了由2个完全垂直的平面组成的立体标定靶标，使用1个靶标可同时标定测量系统的摄像机参数和光平面方程参数。采用该方法对激光平面扫描测量系统进行了参数标定，用标定后的系统对标准平面进行了测量，空间测量精度优于0．1mm。