压电陶瓷在声速测量中的应用

本文论述了压电陶瓷在声速测量中的应用,阐述了几种测量超声波波速的方法。     

A comprehensive study on the droplet formation processes and its influencing factors of a tubular piezoelectric print head

Abstract

Various inks with different properties are widely used in the printed electronic industry. In order to obtain high quality inkjet printing, it is necessary to study the droplet formation process and its influencing factors comprehensively. Only in this way, the incentive conditions and liquid physical parameters of droplet ejection can be obtained and optimized. Firstly, the calculation model of the droplet ejection process is established for a tubular print head and the boundary conditions are set according to the driving characteristics. Secondly, the free surface flow is calculated in the simulation software and sequential pictures of the droplet formation processes are captured to validate the availability of the numerical algorithm. Finally, the droplet formation processes of the tubular piezoelectric print head are simulated under different incentive conditions, different viscosities and different surface tensions. Too small a driving energy is insufficient to cause the head to eject droplets. Excessive excitation energy will result in larger or multiple satellite droplets. Additionally, the thinning process of the liquid neck is examined carefully in this paper. Results show that surface tension and viscosity have a significant effect on the thinning speed of the liquid neck, but the effect is not as significant as previous studies.     

基于扩展无网格法的机电虚拟裂纹闭合法

为提高含裂纹压电材料断裂参数的求解效率和精度,基于扩展无网格理论,引入无网格辅助网格结合哑节点断裂压电单元,提出了基于扩展无网格法的机电虚拟裂纹闭合法。可很好地模拟裂纹尖端奇异性,简化求解过程,提高计算精度。并讨论了不同高斯点个数、不同裂纹长度对能量释放率计算结果的影响,与解析解和基于有限元法的机电虚拟裂纹闭合法计算结果进行了比较,数值算例结果表明本方法正确可行且具有较高的精度。     

用于混凝土结构探伤的PZT型钢筋的数值模拟

基于PZT的钢筋混凝土结构健康监测已经得到了广泛应用,为了研究基于导向波法的PZT型钢筋结构损伤监测机理,并进一步优化监测系统,使用有限元软件ANSYS对PZT型钢筋构件进行数值模拟和分析。选取合适的材料参数、单元类型和网格尺寸等,建立精细化的轴对称有限元模型进行机电耦合分析;将模拟结果与之前所做试验数据进行对比,精确的吻合度验证了有限元模拟的准确性,为损伤机理分析和试验优化奠定基础;改变模型中PZT与钢筋的接触方式,输出信号值是原模型信号的5倍左右,进而提出增强系统输出信号的优化方法。通过此研究,得出可通过数值模拟对PZT型钢筋探伤系统进行分析并得到改进系统以增加信号的方法。     

Systematic study of structure and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 by in situ synchrotron diffraction

Lead-based ferroelectric materials are extensively employed in industrial applications and everyday life due to their excellent ferroelectric and piezoelectric performance. Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PNN-PT) is a typical binary relaxor ferroelectric system, whose refined structure and piezoelectric properties have not been systematically investigated. In this study, evolution of electric field-based crystal structure and variation of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, as well as dielectric properties with composition and temperature of (1 − x)PNN-xPT (0.32 ≤ x ≤ 0.36) ceramics were studied in full detail. The optimal performance is obtained at 0.66PNN-0.34PT with maximum piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of 560 pC/N and large dielectric constant of 28 684. In situ high-energy synchrotron diffraction was employed to determine structural origins of enhanced properties of 0.66PNN-0.34PT. Interestingly, crystal structure of poled 0.66PNN-0.34PT ceramic is determined to be single monoclinic phase. Furthermore, both its lattice parameters and volume variation present butterfly shape under electric field. It is demonstrated that macroscopic strain of 0.66PNN-0.34PT stems mainly from intrinsic structure. The present study provides evidence for the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties, which is beneficial to the design of new materials with piezoelectric properties.     

Piezoelectric glass-ceramics: Crystal chemistry,orientation mechanisms,and emerging applications

Piezoelectric materials have coupled mechanical and electrical energies and have long been used in devices for actuators, sensors, energy harvesters, frequency filters, and various additional applications. Piezoelectricity requires a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure and is therefore confined to materials that possess a periodic crystalline structure. Due to the non-crystalline nature of glass, piezoelectricity is fundamentally forbidden. However, one way to exploit piezoelectric properties in a glassy matrix is by developing glass-ceramics that possess controlled growth of a crystalline phase. Growth and orientation of piezoelectric crystals in a glassy matrix is a non-trivial process that has long been explored to combine the formability of glass with the thermal and mechanical resilience of glass-ceramics. While extensive work has been done in the field of functional glass-ceramics, the results are presented in isolated articles and a comprehensive review pertaining to symmetry breaking methods to exploit anisotropic properties in glass-ceramics has been absent from the literature. Here, we present a global review of the fundamental symmetry requirements for piezoelectricity, the development of polar, piezoelectric glass-ceramic compositions (specifically those with LiNbO₃ and fresnoite-based crystal phases), and various crystal growth and orientation mechanisms, including relevant kinetic and thermodynamic driving forces. Lastly, we discuss the challenges associated with implementing gradients to drive oriented crystal growth to develop non-centrosymmetry, and the need for future modeling work to produce adequate time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams that take into account kinetic and thermodynamic driving forces for oriented crystal growth. Going beyond technical challenges, we conclude with an examination of current and potential applications for piezoelectric glass-ceramics that combine the formability of glass with the symmetry-dependent properties of ceramics.     

Effect of poling on piezocatalytic removal of muti-pollutants using BaTiO3

The BaTiO₃ powder was prepared via a solid-state reaction route. It was studied for the degradation of bacterial cells, dye, and pharmaceuticals waste using ultrasonically driven piezocatalytic effect. The bacterial catalytic behavior of poled BaTiO₃ was remarkably increased during ultrasonication (10% E coli survival in 60 minutes). The structural damages were illustrated using scanning electron micrographs of bacterial cells which demonstrated morphological manifestations under different conditions. Methylene blue (MB dye), ciprofloxacin and diclofenac were also cleaned using the piezocatalytic effect associated with the poled BaTiO₃ powder. Around 92, 85, and 78% of degradations were observed within 150 minutes duration for methylene blue, ciprofloxacin, and diclofenac, respectively.     

Preparation and electrochemical application of an AgNW/graphene/SU-8 composite conductive photoresist

Photoresists play an increasingly important role in industrial fields like micro-electro mechanical systems, micromachining, and chip packaging. However, the traditional one-component photoresist is insulated, and additional steps are required to make it conductive, which complicates the process and limits its application. In order to solve the problem, we establish a one-step strategy to build conductive composite photoresist. Herein, graphene (GR) and silver nanowire (AgNW) are doped into SU-8 photoresist to fabricate a photo-patternable conductive composite. The composite photoresist is employed to make micro-patterns on an ITO electrode using photolithography, followed by electrochemical reduction of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) to produce a nonenzymatic sensing coating. Experimental results prove that the response current of the obtained sensor is linearly related to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the range of 1–25 mM. The sensitivity and detection limit of the sensor are 41.8 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² and 9 μM, respectively. Moreover, excellent sensing performance including anti-interference, repeatability, and stability demonstrates the potential application of CuNPs/AgNW/GR/SU-8 composite material in electrochemical sensing.     

Application of electromagnetic-assisted stamping (EMAS) technique in incremental sheet metal forming

The application of high velocity electromagnetic-assisted stamping (EMAS) technique in incremental sheet metal forming has been proposed. EMAS whose principle is based on Lorenz force is a hybrid forming process that uses both quasi-static conventional stamping technique and electromagnetic forming actuators built into sharp corners and other difficult-to-form contours to form metals. The recent push to use more artificial intelligent (AI) aluminum alloys in automobile and aircraft industries as a result of increasing demand for fuel efficient cars and aircrafts, large size vehicle panels, improved formability limit of materials and weight reduction have placed EMAS as one of the best high velocity forming technique.It is believed that the end result of this vision will lead to more cost effective land and aerospace vehicles.     

基于压电晶体的高效电能转换设备设计

为了高效地利用风能和雨能，设计了通过压电传感器组件a将风或雨的能量转换为电能的装置。该装置可为负载和蓄电池供电，它的分辨力高，即使是弱风和小雨产生的微压也能进行电能转换。当压电晶体板d或e受压时，小齿轮顺时针或逆时针旋转；当压电晶体b或c受压时，液压缸伸长或收缩。在液压缸和小齿轮的作用下，压电晶体板a所在平面的法线自动调整到正好与风和雨的方向一致，从而增大了电能转化率。