Multi‐band pattern reconfigurable Yagi‐Uda antenna

In this study, novel designs of single‐band and tri‐band pattern reconfigurable antennas are proposed. The design of single‐band pattern reconfigurable antenna is accomplished by the use of varactor diodes with the parasitic elements placed on both sides of the driven conventional printed dipole antenna. By tuning the capacitance of varactor, the antenna operates in four different configurations of radiation pattern which include bi‐directional end‐fire, broadside, and uni‐directional end‐fire radiation patterns. The tri‐band pattern reconfigurable antenna design is achieved by the use of parasitic elements on both sides of a tri‐band driven dipole antenna. Dual‐band LC resonators are used as loading elements along the arms of printed dipole to get two lower order modes in addition to the reference dipole mode, resulting in a triband operation of the driven element. The electrical lengths of the parasitic elements with respect to the tri‐band driven element are controlled by suitably embedding varactor and PIN diodes with them. The proposed tri‐band antenna operates in ten different configurations of radiation patterns in the three operating bands. Fully functional prototypes of single‐band and tri‐band pattern reconfigurable antennas along with the DC bias networks have been fabricated to validate the results obtained in simulation.     

基于分级策略的演化算法

为了避免演化算法过早收敛,保持种群多样性,增加算法的搜索能力,本文提出基于分级策略的演化算法．即通过对种群进行分级,来度量种群的多样性,衡量算法是否陷入局部最优,协调种群多样性和精英策略之间的矛盾,再根据种群分布的多样性设计一种有效的半一致交叉算子与单重均匀变异算子。     

LTE双层网中MIMO技术性能分析*

Femtocell技术以其较好的热点覆盖、较高的传输速率以及较大的网络容量,成为LTE网络中补充覆盖的重要途径之一。但同时,也造成了网络中复杂的CCI,严重影响了异构网络的性能。为了减少LTE双层网络中的CCI,提高网路容量,本文将基于MIMO的本征波束赋形、正交空时编码、天线选择技术应用于LTE双层网络,详细给出了无Femtocell覆盖半径、Femtocell最优密度以及Macrocell覆盖半径的精确数学表达形式,并对其所带来的干扰抑制效果进行了分析。通过仿真我们发现,相对于SISO来说,本征波束赋形的干扰抑制效果最好,可以使网络性能有个很大的提高,天线选择次之,正交空时编码所带来的增益最小,而当综合考虑性能增益以及复杂度的情况下,选择分集是一种比较合适的选择。     

Temporal shifts in the biodiversity of nearshore small fishes in Lake Simcoe

Nearshore small fish species represent a large proportion of fish biodiversity in Lake Simcoe, a large inland lake in southern Ontario, Canada. Over the past 30 years, Lake Simcoe has experienced several changes to its aquatic habitat, benthic invertebrate communities and predatory fish populations. This study compared samples of the nearshore small fish community in three geographic areas of Lake Simcoe. Fish community data were grouped into two time periods: a contemporary period (2007–2009) and a historical period (1982–1995). The fish community was compared across time periods for each area to assess if observed ecological changes had an impact on the small fish community. Species richness significantly declined between time periods in two areas (Cook's Bay and the southeast shoreline), the number of individuals captured declined between time periods in one area of the lake (Kempenfelt Bay) and Simpson's diversity index declined between time periods in one area of the lake (southeast shoreline). There were no significant differences in the Shannon–Weiner evenness index between time periods in any of the study areas. Additional analyses of intra- and inter-annual variation in fish sampling results generally supported the findings that shifts in the fish community occurred between time periods. Overall, this study suggests that the nearshore small fish biodiversity of Lake Simcoe has shifted over time but these shifts are not clearly related to recent increases in water clarity, macrophyte growth and nearshore benthic invertebrate densities.     

奶牛生物（活菌）饲料的研究

以酒精糟、白酒糟、碎玉米、啤酒糟等为原料,添加尿素、（NH4）2SO4及营养液F,采用“液体种子培养,多菌种混合固态发酵技术”生产奶牛生物（活菌）饲料。饲料粗蛋白平均含量36．55％、提高率1635％;酵母菌、有效细菌总数及活菌率分别为：7．85×10^8个g、7．11×10^9个,g和82．2％;β-淀粉酶1356mg／（g．h）、纤维素酶168um／（g．h）、中性蛋白酶1088ug／（g．min）、碱性蛋白酶372ug/（g·min）、糖化酶110u／（g．h）;VA80IU／（100g）、VB：2．35mg／（100g）、VD2945IU／（100g）、VC1．1mg／（100g）、烟酸10．7mg／（100g）。     

Pereformance and cooperative thresholds analysis for cooperative MIMO system

In this paper,the bit error rate (BER) performance of cooperative multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is analyzed and two thresholds for decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative network are propose...     

基于用户关系挖掘的多策略推荐算法

个性化推荐服务为解决网络信息过载问题提供了有效手段。传统的推荐方法大多只关注于如何提高推荐的准确性,而忽略了推荐多样性对用户体验的影响。文章将社会网络用户关系挖掘应用于用户偏好预测及推荐中,提出了一种基于用户关系挖掘的多策略推荐算法。采用信任传播模型挖掘用户间的信任度,计算用户偏好配置文件的余弦相似性获得用户间的相似度,并给出4种将用户信任度、相似度结合的策略,在定义用户偏好预测函数的基础上采用Topn原则为用户给出推荐结果。实验结果表明,文章方法不仅减少了数据稀疏性的影响,而且兼顾了推荐准确性与多样性指标,提高了推荐系统的整体性能。     

Elementary students' participation style in synchronous online communication and collaboration

This research investigated how differently elementary school students participate in synchronous online collaborative learning by analysing their discussions with their partners. Two hundred and seventy-eight Taiwanese students, ranging in age from 11 to 12 years old, were involved in this study. The students were randomly arranged within-class into three-member groups. Each group used a collaborative learning system to discuss and accomplish a group assignment (creating a shared concept map). The textual discussions by each individual student were collected, categorised and accumulated. Cluster analysis was adopted to statistically classify students based on their discussion characteristics. We found that a student, while participating in online collaboration and communication, exhibited a distinct style: less contributing, coordination emphasising, communicative or task-oriented. In addition, students exhibiting the task-oriented pattern and students predominantly showing communicative behaviours were found to have better learning performance and retain more knowledge than students observed to be coordination emphasising or less contributing within group collaboration.     

Performance of Sewage Sludge Treatment and Electricity Generation by Different Configuration Microbial Fuel Cells

This paper compared the degradation efficiency of sludge organic matters and electric-production by two typical microbial fuel cells——dual-chamber microbial fuel cell(DMFC)and single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell(SAMFC),and the variations of sludge protein,polysaccharide and ammonia nitrogen within the systems were also investigated.The results showed that the concentration of sludge soluble chemical oxygen demand,protein and carbohydrate of DMFC are higher than these of SAMFC during the systems operation,while DMFC can achieve a better ammonia nitrogen removal than SAMFC.Under the same operation condition,the stable voltage output of DMFC and SAMFC is 0.61 V and 0.37 V;the maximum power density of DMFC and SAMFC is 2.79 W/m3and 1.25 W/m3;TCOD removal efficiency of DMFC and SAMFC is 34.14%and 28.63%for 12 d,respectively.Meanwhile,DMFC has a higher coulomb efficiency than SAMFC,but both are less than5%.The results showed that DMFC present a better performance on sludge degradation and electric-production.