Non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry study for evaluation of milk freshness

Milk freshness is an important parameter for both consumers' health and quality of milk-based products. Up to now there have been neither analytical methods nor specific parameters to uniquely define milk freshness from a complete and univocal chemical perspective. In this study, 8 molecules were selected and identified as responsible for milk aging, using a liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry approach followed by chemometric data elaboration. For model setup and marker selection, 30 high-quality pasteurized fresh milk samples were collected directly from the production site and analyzed immediately and after storage at 2 to 8°C for 7 d. The markers were then validated by challenging the model with a set of 10 milk samples, not previously analyzed. Our results demonstrated that the markers identified within this study can be successfully used for the correct classification of non-fresh milk samples, complementing and successfully enhancing parallel evaluations obtainable through sensory measures.     

高光谱成像技术检测肴肉新鲜度

建立阿胶中马和驴成分高特异、高灵敏的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检 测方法。选择马和驴线粒体基因tRNA-Thr及D-loop区为靶序列,设计合成特异引物,通过普通PCR和实时荧光PCR 检测,结果表明,这两对引物能够准确检测阿胶或动物胶中马和驴成分。     

Determination of volatile compounds of precooked prawn (Penaeus vannamei) and cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored in ice as possible spoilage markers using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

BACKGROUND: Solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been reported as useful techniques for analysing volatile compounds to monitor fish freshness. In this study, SPME/GC/MS was applied to cultured gilthead sea bream and precooked prawn stored in ice for 6 days in order to find possible markers of spoilage. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) was also determined as a common index of spoilage. RESULTS: The TVB‐N value at the end of the storage period for cultured gilthead sea bream (302.40 ± 8.50 mg kg^?1) was within the range of acceptability for edible fish (300–400 mg kg^?1) but could be considered at the beginning of spoilage. For precooked prawn the TVB‐N value at day 6 (863.04 ± 7.84 mg kg^?1) was not acceptable for human consumption. SPME/GC/MS identified 30 compounds in cultured gilthead sea bream and 49 compounds in precooked prawn. In particular, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone increased during refrigerated storage both in the two species investigated here and in other species reported elsewhere and could be considered as markers of spoilage. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that SPME/GC/MS can be considered an efficient method suitable for analysing the volatile compounds of both raw fish and fishery products in order to monitor loss of freshness. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

近红外光谱技术快速测定鹅肉新鲜度

目的：应用近红外光谱技术快速检测鹅肉的新鲜度,评价指标包括总挥发性盐基氮和pH值。方法：采集完整冷鲜鹅肉的近红外光谱（950～1 650 nm）,光谱经多种校正预处理后,采用偏最小二乘法建立鹅肉新鲜度的定量预测数学模型。结果：对于这2 种指标均采用标准常态变量结合偏最小二乘法所建立模型的预测效果最好,总挥发性盐基氮和pH值定量校正数学模型的模型决定系数分别为0.727、0.991,内部交互验证均方根误差分别为3.666、0.028。用此模型对预测集20 个样品进行预测,预测值与实测值的相关系数分别达到0.976、0.705,预测值平均偏差分别为－0.240、－0.024,预测值和实测值之间没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：近红外光谱作为一种无损快速的检测方法,可用于评价鹅肉新鲜度。     

金枪鱼保鲜方法及其鲜度评价指标研究进展

金枪鱼肉鲜味美,富含肌红蛋白,易与氧结合发生变质,因此研究金枪鱼的保鲜方法及其鲜度评价指标意义重大。本文主要介绍了冷藏、冰鲜、微冻、冻藏、气调等金枪鱼的保鲜方法,综合了理化指标、感官指标和微生物指标等金枪鱼的不同鲜度评价指标,并展望了金枪鱼保鲜及鲜度评价方法的研究热点,同时也指出了目前金枪鱼保鲜需注意的一些问题。     

船上加工鱿鱼熟片的品质特性

目的:研究船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片的品质特性,对比船上加工、岸上加工对秘鲁鱿鱼熟片品质特性的影响。方法:利用扫描电子显微镜及苏木精-伊红染色观察其微观结构变化;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)分析蛋白组成变化情况;通过测定蛋白疏水性、巯基和羰基含量分析肌肉蛋白氧化变性程度;利用质构仪分析质构特性;检测鱼片中挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、甲醛含量及pH值,并对其进行感官评价。结果:SDS-PAGE结果显示船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片与鱿鱼原料的蛋白条带基本吻合,没有明显的条带产生或消失,全质构分析发现两者在硬度和弹性指标方面不存在显著差异(P0.05);与岸上加工鱿鱼熟片相比,船上加工鱿鱼熟片肌原纤维结构破坏少,表面疏水性低,溴酚蓝结合量为25.22μg,蛋白质变性少,巯基含量为38.98 nmol/mgpro,氧化程度低,羰基含量为0.92 nmol/mg pro;感官评价显示船上加工鱿鱼熟片色泽白皙、较有光泽,具有浓郁的鱿鱼香味,总体接受度高达9.78分。结论:船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片肌肉组织坚实富有弹性,蛋白损失少,TVB-N含量为29.25 mg/100 g,符合GB 2733—2005《鲜、冻动物性水产品卫生标准》,总体品质比岸上加工鱿鱼熟片好,适于二次加工利用。     

Sous Vide处理温度对鲶鱼品质的影响

研究Sous Vide处理(中心温度分别60,70,80℃,热持续时间均为5min)对冷藏(3℃+1℃)鲶鱼保鲜品质的影响,为Sous Vide处理技术应用于鱼类保鲜领域提供理论依据。结果表明,与对照组相比,Sous Vide处理组鱼肉汁液流失率和pH值显著增加(P0.05),并具有较高的脂肪氧化水平(P0.05),而颜色L*值保持较稳定,极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。Sous Vide处理还延缓了贮藏后期鲶鱼肉硬度的下降,显著延缓冷藏鲶鱼挥发性盐基氮含量的增加,并显著抑制鲶鱼整个贮藏期间微生物的生长与繁殖(P0.05)。经综合评价,中心温度70℃/5min的Sous Vide处理,能有效地延长冷藏环境中鲶鱼的货架期。