纯棉抗皱织物甲醛含量与测试方法的相关分析

对织物上甲醛含量的测试方法,我国有两项国家标准,分别规定了游离甲醛和释放甲醛的测试方法。本文通过中国国标的两种甲醛测试方法对抗皱处理后的纯棉织物进行测试,得出两种测试方法的相关关系,蒸汽吸收法测试的甲醛含量远远大于水萃取法测试的游离甲醛含量。随着树脂浓度的增大,游离甲醛和释放甲醛的含量会增大;随着烘焙温度的增加,游离甲醛逐渐增加,释放甲醛含量呈下降趋势。     

认知无线电网络中基于检测概率的主用户定位算法

为了解决认知无线电网络中次用户对主用户进行定位的问题,提出了一种加权最小二乘的迭代定位算法。采用两状态马尔可夫模型作为主用户头像模型,能量检测作为次用户的感知模型。该算法可以在不干扰主用户正常工作的情况下,利用次用户之间的合作感知结果进行定位,并估计出主用户的三维地理位置位置信息。提出了一种可以降低定位算法复杂度的简化算法。通过对定位问题进行了理论分析,求出了均方误差的Cramer-Rao理论下界。仿真结果表明,算法的均方误差非常接近理论下界,能有效地估计主用户的三维位置信息,提高定位精度。     

多溶洞地层桩端极限承载力下限有限元法分析

为计算多溶洞地层桩基的极限承载力,通过MatLab平台编制了用于分析多溶洞地层桩端极限承载力下限的有限元法计算程序。采用平面应变模型,并假定材料符合Mohr-Coulomb准则和塑性关联流动法则。定义无量纲参数N来衡量各参数对桩端极限承载力的影响。根据桩与溶洞间的相对位置关系,详细探讨了6种工况下桩端极限承载力的变化规律,并分析了嵌岩深度h_r、上覆土层自重q_s和溶洞直径D的影响程度。分析结果表明:桩端极限承载力随h_r的增大而增大,随D的增大而减小,而q_s的影响基本可忽略不计。此外,还对不同工况下桩端的极限破坏模式进行了分析。最后,通过考虑无溶洞、有溶洞下的2种桩基算例,验证了本文方法的正确性。     

Stability analysis for natural slope by kinematical approach

The stability of natural slope was analyzed on the basis of limit analysis. The sliding model of a kind of natural slope was presented. A new kinematically admissible velocity field for the new sliding model was constructed. The stability factor formulation by the upper bound theorem leads to a classical nonlinear programming problem, when the external work rate and internal energy dissipation were solved, and the constraint condition of the programming problem was given. The upper bound optimization problem can be solved efficiently by applying a nonlinear SQP algorithm, and stability factor was obtained, which agrees well with previous achievements.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

符号几何规划问题的求解新方法

对符号几何规划问题,给出一种求其全局最优解的分支定界算法。利用不同的凸化方法将算法中关键的定下界操作转化为易于求解的凸规划问题。最后给出算法的收敛性证明和数值实验结果。     

铝蜂窝负载锰基催化剂的制备及其在室温下去除低含量甲醛的性能

采用水热共沉淀法和原位氧化还原法制备MnO_x/MgAl类水滑石(Mg₃Al₁-LDHs)催化剂,以水玻璃作为黏结剂将其负载到铝蜂窝上,用于室温下去除甲醛。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N₂吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段进行表征。表征结果表明：MnO_x/Mg₃Al₁-LDHs具有典型类水滑石结构,大量结合水和羟基; MnO_x为δ-MnO₂和Mn₃O₄的混合物,具有高比例Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺和丰富的吸附氧。实验结果表明：室温(25 ℃,相对湿度60%)下反应4 h后,MnO_x/Mg₃Al₁-LDHs催化剂可将甲醛质量浓度由1.30 mg/m³降至0.10 mg/m³以下,且经过8次和连续15 d实际测试,表明催化剂具有良好的稳定性和甲醛去除效果。MnO_x/Mg₃Al₁-LDHs催化剂最佳负载量(质量分数)为5%,风扇最佳功率为10 W,空气中湿度对甲醛去除效果影响较小,该催化剂具有较强水分抵抗能力,反应温度提升会较大程度提高甲醛去除效果。     

UBET-based numerical modeling of bulk deformation processes

The paper summarizes the development of numerical procedures for modeling bulk deformation process and preform designing techniques based on the upper bound elemental technique (UBET). UBET has a unique place where an approximate, but faster solution is needed for decision making. In designing and optimizing multistage forging and profile ring-rolling processes, an approximate solution can be used to identify the most influential process parameters. Once an optimum combination of process conditions are determined, computationally intensive, but more accurate finite element analysis can be used to verify and refine results. In this paper, UBET procedures for closed-die forging and profile ring rolling are high-lighted. Experimental investigations are used to validate the model predictions. Also, the UBET-based preform design tool is presented as a process and die design tool for multistage forging processes. Application of these techniques is presented with evidence of effective material usage and extended overall die-life.     

金属液体凝固中直接挤压过程的数值模拟

根据稳定的交替方向隐式（ＳＡＤＩ）有限差分方法、上限元法（ＵＢＥＴ）等数值计算方法提出了一种数值模拟方法．使用这种方法成功地模拟了融凝固和大塑性变形为一体的金属液体凝固过程中直接挤压（简称液体挤压）的工艺过程．计算机生成的动画图象直观地表现了工件的整个成型过程．模拟结果有助于掌握液体挤压这一新工艺的各种工艺规律．