The TraceFood Framework – Principles and guidelines for implementing traceability in food value chains

Requirements related to food safety and associated legislation and certification have increased a lot in recent years. Among these are the requirements for systematic recordings to be made throughout the supply chain so that in case of a food crisis it is possible to trace back to source of contamination, and to perform a targeted recall of potentially affected food items. These systematic recordings must be connected to the food items through unique identifiers, and the recordings, the identifiers and the documentation of how ingredients and food items join or split up as they move through the supply chain is what constitutes a traceability system. For the food industry, the traceability system is also an important tool for controlling and optimizing production, for getting better industrial statistics and better decisions, and for profiling desirable product characteristics. Current status is that many food producers have good, often electronic traceability systems internally, but exchange (especially electronic exchange) of information between the links in the supply chain is very time-consuming or difficult due to the diversity and proprietary nature of the respective internal systems. To facilitate electronic interchange of this type of data, an international, non-proprietary standard is needed; one that describes how messages can be constructed, sent and received and also how the data elements in the messages should be identified, measured and interpreted. The TraceFood Framework was designed for this purpose, and it contains recommendations for “Good Traceability Practice”, common principles for unique identification of food items, a common generic standard for electronic exchange of traceability information (TraceCore XML), and sector-specific ontologies where the meaning and the inter-relationship of the data elements is defined. The TraceFood Framework is a joint collaboration of many EU-funded projects dealing with traceability of food products; especially the integrated project TRACE where most of the work related to specification, design and testing of the framework has taken place.     

PCR Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms: A Review

There are two common approaches for the detection of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): DNA based methods, mainly founded on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which detect genetically modified DNA sequences, and protein based methods, relying on immune assays (e. g. Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay, ELISA). The latter detect and measure levels of proteins expressed by transgenic genes. Official standard tests, yet to come, will be based on these two methodologies. DNA based tests are now preferred for their sensitivity and their capability to detect a wider range of constructs. Protein‐based immune assay tests, although less sensitive, are quicker and require less lab skills. Collaborative study results put in evidence that PCR tests are generally well suited for detecting the presence of GMOs on a qualitative basis (yes/no). Difficulties arise when GMOs have to be quantitatively identified in food ingredients. Real‐Time, or kinetic PCR, points out quantification and interpretation limits when quantification has to be done on a very small total DNA amount. An essential requirement for PCR‐based techniques is the knowledge of the GMO‐specific DNA sequence target. Many labs find it difficult to keep up with the rate at which life science companies are creating new GMOs and the finding of adequate reference standards to be used as positive analytical controls.     

400 Hz电流互感器检定及量值溯源系统

介绍了400Hz电流互感器检定及量值溯源系统的组成、工作原理、不确定度分析及量值溯源问题。该系统可检定0.02级及以下等级的400Hz电流互感器。     

Diagnostic model for assessing traceability system performance in fish processing plants

This paper introduces a diagnostic tool that can be used by fish processing companies to evaluate their own traceability systems in a systematic manner. The paper begins with discussions on the rationale of traceability systems in food manufacturing companies, followed by a detailed analysis of the most important indicators in the designing and executing traceability systems. The diagnostic tool is presented in four grids through which fish companies can evaluate their own developed traceability system. The paper argues that if a company operates at a higher level of contextual factors, then design and execution of traceability system needs to be at a higher level as well so as to achieve a higher level of traceability system performance. The paper concludes that companies that are able to systematically assess their own developed traceability systems are able to determine food safety problems well in advance, and thereby take appropriate corrective actions.     

贯彻ISO-10012国际标准加强计量管理工作

学习ＩＳＯ－１００１２国际标准，加强计量管理工作，确保产品质量，提高社会经济效益。