A fast high-intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF)-assisted extraction of dissoluble calcium from bone

A novel high-intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF) technique for the extraction of dissoluble calcium from bone is proposed. Various experimental conditions of the PEF treatment, such as electric field strength (0–70 kV/cm), pulse numbers (0–12) and citric acid concentration (0–2%) were investigated. The results showed that the extraction content of dissoluble calcium was increased with the more pulse number and the higher electric field intensity. The most content of dissoluble calcium can be achieved at 4324.8 mg/l by PEF on the conditions of 1.25% citric acid, 70 kV/cm electric field strength and 12 pulse numbers. Comparing it with the traditional assistant extraction methods, such as the boiling method and the microwave method, the extraction time by PEF was the shortest one (pulse number C = 12) and the content of dissoluble calcium by PEF was much more. Moreover, nutriments were remained in bone. At the same time, it is a non-thermal and efficient method, which has the higher speed and consumes lower energy.     

ICP-MS法测定水中21种痕量元素

建立了ICP-MS同时测定水中21种痕量元素的方法。对仪器工作参数、测定的同位素、干扰消除方法等进行了研究。21种元素的检出限为0.01～0.9g·L-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.33%～4.46%,加标回收率为90%～104%,适合水样中多种元素痕量分析的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中砷的含量

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）测定土壤中砷的含量。样品经过微波消解,在线加入内标校正基体效应,通过修正方程校正质量数干扰。测定砷元素校正曲线的相关系数0．9999,检出限0．01mg／kg,样品分析结果的变异系数为1．6％～2．4％（n=6）,加标回收率在84．0％-96．8％。同时采用国家标准方法氢化物-原子荧光光度法验证了方法的准确度,两种方法结果无显著差异。实验结果表明,该方法具有简单、快速、检出限低等特点,可用于土壤中砷含量的测定和监控。     

Chemical compositional characterization of eight pear cultivars grown in China

The sugar, organic acid, amino acid and fatty acid compounds of eight commercial pear cultivars were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with RI and UV detectors and gas-chromatography (GC) equipped with FID detector. The mineral composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of the pear cultivars. Fructose was the dominant sugar in the eight pear varieties, followed by glucose and sucrose, while malic acid was the principal organic acid. The C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids were clearly the most abundant fatty acids, and the C18 family comprised more than 70% of the total fatty acids content. Asparagine and serine were the principal amino acids. Potassium is the most abundant mineral, followed by magnesium and calcium. The results provide important information on how to make the best use of pear cultivars investigated for different uses, which is of significance for both technological research and processing practice.     

ICP-MS在线监测地表水中23种元素的应用

利用在线水质监测系统,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）检测地表水中23种元素的分析方法,并对某河流进行数据采集、测试。测试结果表明,23种元素检出限为0.000 43~3.100 00 μg/L,加标回收率为91.0%~112.0%,精密度为1.3%~4.6%,该法与实验室检测结果的相对偏差为0.1%~6.8%,检测结果一致性良好;利用Au冲洗液改善汞的记忆效应,并探究了金汞比例;以实例验证了在线水质监测系统在环境污染预警方面的作用。该方法可用于地表水中23种元素含量的实时、连续监测。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锌精矿中痕量铊

选取5 mL王水为溶剂,采用微波消解法处理锌精矿样品,以²⁰⁵Tl作为测定同位素,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定锌精矿中痕量Tl的定量分析方法。优化后的微波消解程序如下:消解温度为190 ℃,升温时间为20 min,消解保持时间为20 min。采用直接稀释法消除基体效应,控制测试液中固体质量浓度不大于0.5 mg/mL。实验表明,Tl质量浓度在0.10~50.00 μg/L范围内与其对应的峰强度呈良好的线性关系,校准曲线相关系数为0.999 9。方法检出限为0.001 8 μg/L,方法测定下限为0.006 μg/L。对锌精矿实际样品中的痕量Tl进行分析,测定结果与国家标准方法中泡塑富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)均小于5%。     

海参铅同位素测定及产地溯源研究

目的 基于铅同位素实现对海参的产地溯源。方法 海参样品经冷冻干燥、粉碎、微波消解后,利用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)对海参铅同位素进行测定,对数据进行差异性分析,结合主成分分析和判别分析建立锦州、烟台、霞浦3个产区底播海参的判别模型。结果 调整样品消解液中总铅含量在5～20μg/L,采用10μg/L的标准溶液进行交叉测量,可对质量歧视效应进行准确修正;²⁰⁴Pb/²⁰⁶Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb的日内精密度分别为0.02%、0.02%和0.01%,日间精密度分别为0.04%、0.02%和0.01%。用此方法对生物成分分析标准物质大虾和扇贝的铅同位素进行测定,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb的相对标准偏差小于0.1%,^20...     

肺癌和癌旁组织中17种微量元素的ICP-MS测定及相关研究

To determine 17 elements in lung carcinomatous and pericarcinomatous tissues by inductively coupled plasma mass sepctrometry (ICP-MS), samples were digested using HNO3 and HClO4. Rhodium was used as an internal standard element. Reference materials of GBW(E)080193 Bovine Hepar and GBW09101 Human Hair were analyzed by the described method. The analytic values of two reference materials are accorded with the reference values. The recovery rates are 90%-110%. The precisions of the method are most below 10%. The concentrations of seventeen elements in lung carcinomatous and pericarcinomatous tissues are remarkable different. Seventeen elements in human lung tissue can be determined rapidly, simply, accurately by ICP-MS.     

Combined exposure to cyanobacterial biomass, lead and the Newcastle virus enhances avian toxicity

Under environmental conditions, wild birds can be exposed to multiple stressors including natural toxins, anthropogenic pollutants and infectious agents at the same time.This experimental study was successful in testing the hypothesis that adverse effects of cyanotoxins, heavy metals and a non-pathogenic immunological challenge combine to enhance avian toxicity. Mortality occurred in combined exposures to naturally occurring cyanobacterial biomass and lead shots, lead shots and Newcastle vaccination as well as in single lead shot exposure. Mostly acute effects around day 10 were observed. On day 30 of exposure, there were no differences in the liver accumulation of lead in single and combined exposure groups. Interestingly, liver microcystin levels were elevated in birds co-exposed to cyanobacterial biomass together with lead or lead and the Newcastle virus. Significant differences in body weights between all Pb-exposed and Pb-non-exposed birds were found on days 10 and 20. Single exposure to cyanobacterial biomass resulted in hepatic vacuolar dystrophy, whereas co-exposure with lead led to more severe granular dystrophy. Haematological changes were associated with lead exposure, in particular. Biochemical analysis revealed a decrease in glucose and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase in single and combined cyanobacterial and lead exposures, which also showed a decreased antibody response to vaccination.The combined exposure of experimental birds to sub-lethal doses of individual stressors is ecologically realistic. It brings together new pieces of knowledge on avian health. In light of this study, investigators of wild bird die-offs should be circumspect when evaluating findings of low concentrations of contaminants that would not result in mortality on a separate basis. As such it has implications for wildlife biologists, veterinarians and conservationists of avian biodiversity.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定果酒中微量元素的含量

建立了果酒中钠、钾、钙等21种微量元素电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定的分析方法。样品经微波消解后用ICP-MS进行分析。优化实验条件下,21种元素的线性范围为0～10μg/mL,线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法的检出限为0.020～5.331ng/mL,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.6%～4.8%,添加水平为0.001～3000μg/g时,果酒样品中的21种元素平均加标回收率为89.7%～112%。方法具有简单、快速和准确的特点,是一种简便、快速分析果酒中无机元素的方法。