膨胀石墨基定型相变材料的性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了癸酸/膨胀石墨定型相变材料(DA/EG-PCMs)、月桂酸/膨胀石墨定型相变材料(LA/EG-PCMs)和石蜡/膨胀石墨定型相变材料(PA/EG-PCMs),利用接触角测量仪、FT-IR、DSC、TG-DSC和热渗出实验分别对三种膨胀石墨基定型相变材料的亲疏水性、特征基团、热性能、热稳定性和耐久性进行表征。结果表明:膨胀石墨能很好的将癸酸、月桂酸和石蜡吸附住,三种相变材料与膨胀石墨之间仅存在物理结合作用。DA/EG-PCMs和LA/EG-PCMs都表现出亲水的特性,PA/EG-PCMs疏水。在膨胀石墨的高导热网络结构包覆下,三种膨胀石墨基定型相变材料相变温度提前,耐久性提高,DA/EG-PCMs与LA/EG-PCMs的热稳定降低,PA/EG-PCMs热稳定提高。     

Rapid In Situ Synthesis of Spherical Microflower Pt/C Catalyst Via Spray‐drying for High Performance Fuel Cell Application

A facile route for the rapid in situ synthesis of platinum nanoparticles on spherical microflower carbon has been developed. An aqueous precursor slurry containing carbon black, polystyrene latex (PSL), polyvinyl alcohol, and platinum salt was spray‐dried, followed by calcination to simultaneously reduce platinum salt and to decompose PSL particles. Prepared Pt/C catalyst showed high‐performance electrocatalytic activity with excellent durability. The mass activity and specific activity values were 132.26 mA mg^–1 Pt and 207.62 μA cm^–2 Pt, respectively. This work presents a future direction for the production of high‐performance Pt/C catalyst in an industrial scale.     

An overview of mechanical properties and durability of glass-fibre reinforced recycled mixed plastic waste composites

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in seeking the potential applications of recycled mixed plastic wastes in building and construction sectors to relieve the pressure on landfills. This paper presents the recent developments and applications of composite materials made from recycled mixed plastics and glass fibre. Some of the first uses for such composites are as an alternative to non-load bearing applications like park benches and picnic tables. With its inherent resistance to rot and insect attack, these composites can in fact be used as a replacement for chemically treated woods in various larger-scale outdoor applications such as railroad crossties and bridges. However, the properties of the structural components made from recycled mixed plastics are not well understood. Information on the behaviour of such composites under applied loading and at different environmental conditions such as elevated temperature and ultraviolet rays are crucial for the utilisation of recycled mixed plastic materials in construction. This paper presents an overview of the mechanical properties and durability of recycled mixed plastic waste composites. The paper identifies research needs critical in the effective design and utilisation of these composite materials in civil engineering and construction.     

Durability of very high volume fly ash cement pastes and mortars in aggressive solutions

The resistance of very high volume fly ash cement pastes and mortars activated by Na₂SO₄ has been monitored following immersion for up to 90 d in 0.1 M HCl, 4.4% Na₂SO₄ and ASTM-compliant sea water. Changes in the compressive strengths of mortars and in crystalline phases, bond environments, and the microstructure of pastes following immersion were monitored. Experiments were repeated with a commercially available sulfate resistant cement. Both cements were found to present adequate resistance to both sea water and the Na₂SO₄ solution. However, both were severely degraded by acid immersion. Differences in potential degradation mechanisms based on the chemistry of the fly ash binder and the reference cement are discussed.     

Ageing of HDPE geomembrane exposed to air,water and leachate at different temperatures

The latest findings regarding the long-term performance and service life of HDPE geomembrane (GM) samples exposed to air, water and leachate are presented based on data from samples that have been ageing for 8–10 years. Some of the GM samples are in Stage II, some in Stage III and some have completed all three stages of the service life. The paper provides: (1) improved data on antioxidant depletion rates for GMs immersed in air, water and leachate; (2) estimates of antioxidant depletion time (Stage I) at typical liner temperatures in air, water and leachate and, based on this data, an estimate for a composite liner at typical liner temperatures; (3) data regarding the changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the GM samples with time; (4) a surface analysis of virgin and aged GMs; (5) an initial estimate of the induction time (Stage II) and polymer degradation time (Stage III) and service lives of GM in laboratory immersion tests; and (6) predictions of the service life of leachate immersed GM at typical landfill temperatures. Based on these predictions, it appears likely that the service life of the specific GM tested immersed in leachate is likely to exceed 700 years and will probably be of the order of 1000 years (or longer) at 20 °C, more than 150 years and likely 225–375 years at 35 °C and more than 40 years and likely 50–90 years at 50 °C. The service life in a liner configuration may be expected to be longer than predicted here for immersion in leachate.     

Durability of rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering

This paper presents a study on the durability of different types of stabilised and unstabilised rammed earth walls. These rammed earth walls were constructed and exposed for 20 years to natural weathering, in a wet continental climate. None of these walls have shown complete collapse to date. A method to measure the rammed earth walls erosion by stereo-photogrammetry has been developed. The result shows that the mean erosion depth of the studied walls is about 2 mm (0.5% wall thickness) in the case of rammed earth wall stabilised with 5% by dry weight of hydraulic lime and about 6.4 mm (1.6% wall thickness) in the case of unstabilised rammed earth walls. The stabilisation enables to not use any plaster to protect the walls. In the case of the unstabilised rammed earth walls, an extrapolated lifetime longer than 60 years can be assessed. This shows a potential for the use of unstabilised rammed earth in the similar climatic conditions with this study. The method of stereo-photogrammetry used to measure the erosion of rammed earth walls on site may also help to calibrate and develop more pertinent laboratory test to assess the durability of rammed earth wall.     

论冷轧扭钢筋及其应用

通过试验研究，论述了冷轧扭钢筋的塑性、与混凝土的粘结性能及其所形成的混凝土结构（构件）的延性和耐久性等内容，为其推广应用提供综合性的参考依据。     

在役受腐蚀结构的耐久性评估

本文从钢筋砼结构的腐蚀机理出发，讨论了在役结构的耐久性分析方法，并针对受腐蚀钢筋砼受弯构件的强度失效准则，给出了能间接反映结构耐久性指标的一种计算方法。     

Durability of FRP Composite Bridge Deck Materials under Freeze-Thaw and Low Temperature Conditions

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, especially lightweight sandwich structures, are rapidly finding their way into civil infrastructure application. FRP composite panels are particularly attractive as bridge deck systems due to their high strength, low density, and durability, which are of importance to the bridge industry. Most of the vast amount of durability data for FRP has been generated for aerospace and automotive applications, which involve very different service conditions than civil infrastructure. For civil engineering applications, it is essential to examine the durability performance of FRP materials under weathering conditions. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop a reliable framework for durability assessment of FRP decks, including laboratory testing procedure and finite-element simulation capability. Such a framework should be applicable to all types of FRP deck construction. In this paper, specimens of typical FRP bridge deck skin materials are subjected to freeze-thaw cycling between 4.4 and ?17.8°C in media of dry air, distilled water, and saltwater, and constant freeze at ?17.8°C . The selected deck is used as an example for demonstration purposes. In addition, selected specimens are subjected to simultaneous environmental exposure conditions and sustained loading of 25% ultimate strain. It should be emphasized that most of the environmental conditions reported in the literature produce minor deterioration of a single composite property, and the assessment of such effect on this single property becomes unreliable because of a large property variation. Therefore, in this paper we use multiple mechanical properties as performance indices for damage evaluation. Based on findings from this work, it is concluded that freeze-thaw cycling between 4.4 and ?17.8°C alone and up to 1,250 h and 625 cycles caused very insignificant or no change in the flexural strength, storage modulus, and loss factor of the FRP specimens conditioned in dry air, distilled water, and saltwater. Small reductions in storage modulus (about 1% or less) were observed when specimens were prestrained and subjected to 250 freeze-thaw cycles in distilled water and saltwater. Changes in flexural strength were statistically insignificant, since they were within the data scatter.