Experimental investigation on the conversion of fuel-N to NOx of quasi-particle in flue gas recirculation sintering process

Flue gas recirculation sintering process is a potential technology to decrease fuel consumption and NOx emissions compared with conventional sintering process. In present work, a vertical quartz tube reactor was used to investigate the combustion characteristics and conversion of fuel-N to NOx of quasi-particle. The mass conversion rate of quasi-particle increases with higher temperature. It was found that D₁ model is more appropriate than other models to describe quasi-particle combustion process through comparing correlation coefficients calculated by different mechanism models. Effects of temperature, coke size and proportion, circulating flue gas components on the conversion of fuel-N to NOx of quasi-particle were studied. The conversion rate of fuel-N to NOx of quasi-particle increases with higher temperature. With increasing coke size and proportion, the conversion rate of fuel-N to NOx decreases obviously. O₂ has a positive impact on the conversion of fuel-N to NOx of quasi-particle. CO could decrease the conversion rate of fuel-N to NOx by reducing NO directly or reacting with char to decrease NOx indirectly. CO₂ has an obviously inhibitory effect on the conversion of fuel-N to NOx of quasi-particle because it reacts with char to generate CO. The results were conducive to further understanding the combustion behavior and NOx formation mechanism of quasi-particle during flue gas recirculation sintering.     

Characterisation of amorphous phosphate coatings onto carbon steel surfaces

Abstract

This study continues the authors’ investigation of the newly developed product KAF-09OF and concerns the preparation and characterisation of amorphous phosphate coatings on carbon steels. KAF-09OF is a liquid concentrate of ammonium and alkaline phosphates, stabilising additives – buffers, softeners, activators (both inorganic and organic), as well as surfactants – a non-ionic and an anionic detergents. Gravimetric and polarisation methods, X-ray fluorescence analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to determine the effect of pH (2–6), temperature conditions (20–80°C) and agitation rate (0–2000 rev min^?1) on the process of phosphating using this developed product. Coating thicknesses, compositions, structures and passivation characteristics in the phosphating baths with different concentrations of KAF-09OF have been analysed.     

Phosphite additives and their transformation products in polyethylene packaging for G-irradiation

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used to identify and quantify the phosphite antioxidant, tris(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) phosphite, and its corresponding phosphate in high density polyethylene (HDPE) food trays, both in the original, commercial trays and also as a function of gamma-irradiation and post-irradiation, storage conditions. This direct method of inhibitor analysis complements time-consuming (some times non-quantitative) extraction methods, which for organo-phosphites are complicated by their facile conversion to phosphates by peroxidic impurities in the solvent. Because of the complete destruction of phosphite to give mainly phosphate at quite low gamma-irradiation doses (approximately 5 kGy) and phosphate formation during melt processing and radiation sterilization of these HDPE trays must take into account products from the irradiation of phosphate. Any residual phosphite is lost progressively in post-irradiation reactions, which are complex, producing a less than-quantitative yield of phosphate.     

一种小功率风电系统能量自动转化装置

本文介绍了一种由永磁励磁或电励磁的同步发电机，三相二极管整流桥，Buck型直流斩波器等组成的，负载为蓄电池的风电系统。其中，直流斩波器和电池由微型数字控制器进行控制。在Matlab-Simulink环境下对此系统进行了数字仿真。     

Increasing the up-link CW interference immunity of non-coherent direct sequence pseudonoise (DSPN) reception with on-board processing

The adaptive threshold A/D converter is by now a familiar technique for increasing the CW interference immunity of coherently detected direct sequence pseudonoise (DSPN) spread-spectrum signals, especially where the frequency of the CW interferer may be changing so rapidly and over such a large portion of the signalling bandwidth that well known spectrum excision techniques prove ineffective. The present paper extends the theory to the case of non-coherent reception of direct sequence pseudonoise (DSPN) signals. The A/D converter is found to perform well in both CW and Gaussian interference. Conversion gain is seen to persist even if the interference is intentionally pulsed at an optimally reduced duty factor (from the interferer's point of view) in the attempt to confuse the adaptive threshold. The specific case of 32-chip data symbols is treated, wherein the adaptation is applied strictly to individual symbols. In some cases these restrictions will actually improve performance.     

露天矿山空载重型汽车柔性路面计算的探讨

分析了空载重型汽车柔性路面轴次换算与路面厚度计算的问题，提出了轴次换算以空载后轴为标准轴载，路面厚度计算应计入空载前轴的作用并采用空载后轴的参数；将空载与重载的理论弯沉系数、路面厚度建立了联系，从而得出了空载时路面厚度约为重载时１／２的结果。     

On the performance bounds of motion-compensated deinterlacing

The terms ‘proscan up-conversion’ or ‘deinterlacing’ stand for algorithms for the conversion of interlaced image sequences into progressive format by interpolating the lines which are missing due to interlaced scanning. Although deinterlacing is already known to improve TV image quality, such techniques will become even more important in future. Firstly, standard interlaced image sequences will be increasingly processed and displayed on computer platforms and thus usually require progressive scanning and an increased temporal resolution. Secondly, the emerging market of light valve projection equipment demands high-quality proscan up-conversion since the image quality of these display techniques relies heavily on the light efficiency of non-interlaced scanning. By describing deinterlacing as a problem of linear prediction theory, this paper derives upper MSE performance bounds for these algorithms. Thus, a theoretical framework is provided which allows to analyse the effects of various parameters like motion vector inaccuracy, temporal integration and memory constraints on the efficiency of motion-compensated deinterlacing. It is, for example, shown that these algorithms can be very sensitive to motion vector inaccuracies especially if the image sequence is recorded with very short exposure time. Finally, it is briefly demonstrated that the presented analysis can easily be extended to the case of field- and frame-rate up-conversion of interlaced (‘100 Hz’) and non-interlaced image sequences.     

Investigation of fluoacid based conversion coatings on aluminum

Conversion coatings on metals enhance paint or lacquer adhesion and promote corrosion resistance. Traditionally, these conversion coatings were based on chromium chemistry. In recent years, formulations based on fluotitanic or fluozirconic acid and polymer have demonstrated performance on a par with chromium-based treatments. The choice of fluoacid and polymer in the treatment has a strong impact on coating performance. The impact of pretreatment composition was demonstrated for aluminum extrusion processes. Electrochemical investigation, including linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, was used to differentiate corrosion resistance among the various treatments. Scanning electron microscopy, grazing angle infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to elucidate chemical composition of the treated aluminum surfaces.     

兰州石化50万t/a催化轻汽油醚化装置运行与优化

采用中国石油自主研发开发的催化轻汽油醚化工艺(LNE)技术,兰州石化建成50万t/a轻汽油醚化装置并投产成功。装置数据表明,C5、C6叔碳烯烃转化率分别为72%~77%、50%~60%,催化轻汽油烯烃减少量为18.0个百分点以上,醚化产品油中总醚化物含量为46%~60%,醚化产品油辛烷值(RON)为98~100,目前该装置已不间断平稳运行1年以上。醚化装置运行效果良好,产生了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

基于UG软件的五轴数控加工后置处理研究

从分析刀轨文件和NC代码的格式入手,找出指令的一一对应关系,弄清诸多从建模到加工过程中的坐标系统,建立5坐标铣削中心坐标转换数学模型,从而实现从刀轨文件提取信息转化为NC代码的算法.最后通过实例验证了该加工中心后置处理技术的正确性.