冷水机组的回油技术研究

主要从取油位置、取油技巧和回油方法3个方面对冷水机组的回油问题进行论述,并对冷水机组回油的3种方式——重力回油、引射器回油和直接回油进行详细分析。     

自动送料金属端子精密注射模设计

介绍了一种高效率及高精度的金属端子注射模结构,此结构可以使金属端子自动送入模具型腔,注射成型后又能自动脱模,实现模具全自动化生产,提高了模具的生产效率和企业的经济效益。     

塑料上盖注射模设计

针对塑料上盖带有倒扣、侧凹坑、斜孔和表面质量要求高等特点,合理地选择了分型面和浇口形式,设计了镶拼式成型零件、弹簧侧抽芯机构以及斜推杆和推杆联合推出机构,解决了塑件脱模困难等问题,满足了塑件质量要求。     

风冷太阳能双级水喷射制冷空调系统性能分析

对额定制冷量为12.3 kW的风冷太阳能双级水喷射制冷空调系统进行了变工况性能分析。该系统的制冷量随室内温度升高而增大,随环境温度升高而减小,随太阳辐照度增强而增大;COP的变化与制冷量的变化类似,所不同的是COP随着太阳辐照度的增强先迅速增大,当太阳辐照度增大到一定程度后,COP基本保持稳定。在室内温度不低于27℃,室外温度不高于38℃,太阳辐照度不低于500 W/m2的条件下,系统的制冷量为7.7~32 kW,COP为0.082~0.107。     

System performance and economic analysis of solar-assisted cooling/heating system

The long-term system simulation and economic analysis of solar-assisted cooling/heating system (SACH-2) was carried out in order to find an economical design. The solar heat driven ejector cooling system (ECS) is used to provide part of the cooling load to reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioner installed as the base-load cooler. A standard SACH-2 system for cooling load 3.5 kW (1 RT) and daily cooling time 10 h is used for case study. The cooling performance is assumed only in summer seasons from May to October. In winter season from November to April, only heat is supplied. Two installation locations (Taipei and Tainan) were examined.It was found from the cooling performance simulation that in order to save 50% energy of the air conditioner, the required solar collector area is 40 m² in Taipei and 31 m² in Tainan, for COP_j = 0.2. If the solar collector area is designed as 20 m², the solar ejector cooling system will supply about 17–26% cooling load in Taipei in summer season and about 21–27% cooling load in Tainan. Simulation for long-term performance including cooling in summer (May–October) and hot water supply in winter (November–April) was carried out to determine the monthly-average energy savings. The corresponding daily hot water supply (with 40 °C temperature rise of water) for 20 m² solar collector area is 616–858 L/day in Tainan and 304–533 L/day in Taipei.The economic analysis shows that the payback time of SACH-2 decreases with increasing cooling capacity. The payback time is 4.8 years in Tainan and 6.2 years in Taipei when the cooling capacity >10 RT. If the ECS is treated as an additional device used as a protective equipment to avoid overheating of solar collectors and to convert the excess solar heat in summer into cooling to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioner, the payback time is less than 3 years for cooling capacity larger than 3 RT.     

渐缩型混合室引射式低压加热器的特性分析

将常规引射式低压加热器的圆柱形混合室改为渐缩型混合室,研发了一种新的渐缩型混合室引射式低压加热器,通过理论计算分析了进口参数和喉部直径对该装置加热和升压性能的影响,并将出口水温与试验结果进行了比较.结果表明：在蒸汽压力不变时,增大入水压力,加热器出口温度下降,出口压力升高,并均呈减缓趋势;当入水参数不变时,增大蒸汽压力,加热器引射系数增大,出口温度升高,但蒸汽流量对出口压力影响不大;增大混合室喉部面积可以降低出口压力,有利于提高加热器变工况运行下加热性能和实际运行的稳定性.     

基于模糊评价法的某型跨超声速风洞增量引射器维修方案评价研究

在某型跨超声速风洞增量引射器维修方案评价过程中,针对维修方案评价指标的模糊性,建立了维修方案模糊评价模型,并给出了评价置信度的计算方法。利用建立的模型,对某型跨超声速风洞增量引射器4个维修方案进行安全性、经济性、拆卸装配性、人素工程、时效性、维修质量6个指标的定性与定量分析,得出了最优维修方案。文中所建立的数学模型也可对风洞其他系统的维修方案进行评价,以确定最优维修方案,从而提高风洞其他系统维修方案评价的科学性。     

圆柱形及圆锥形混合室气体喷射器的适用参数区探讨

分别以水、氨、R290、R22、R134a为工质,计算分析了在不同膨胀比压缩比条件下圆柱形及圆锥形混合室两种结构喷射器的喷射系数,并定义了等喷射系数压缩比、等喷射系数参数线和参数区。膨胀比恒定,压缩比小于等喷射系数压缩比时,圆柱形混合室的喷射系数较圆锥形的大;压缩比大于等喷射系数压缩比时,圆锥形混合室喷射系数较圆柱形的大。由等喷射系数参数线知,随膨胀比增大,等喷射系数压缩比减小。在等喷射系数参数区内,两种结构喷射器效率相当;在等喷射系数参数区左边,宜使用圆柱形混合室;在等喷射系数参数区右边,宜使用圆锥形混合室。绝热指数对等喷射系数参数区的分布具有决定作用。     

平板式预混燃烧器的污染物排放特性

利用多引射器混合结构实现燃气和空气的完全混合,设计了平板式预混燃烧器,研究了燃烧器污染物排放特性与空气系数、喷嘴直径、热负荷比的关系.实验结果表明:平板式预混燃烧器实现了NO和CO的低排放;NO和CO的排放量随着空气系数的增大而减小;喷嘴直径越大,燃气和空气接触面越大,混合效果越好,CO的排放量越小;当空气系数为1.25时,全预混燃烧器烟气中折算为空气系数为1时NO排放为40× 10-6,达到了氮氧化物的第5排放等级.     

三喷头蒸汽水下喷注噪声试验研究

蒸汽在过冷水下喷注过程中,由于汽泡溃灭及喷注射流扰动会产生强烈的噪声.通过试验研究了不同结构的三喷头蒸汽水下喷注在不同的水温及蒸汽流量下的噪声规律.试验结果表明:三喷头喷注A声压级噪声主要受水温、蒸汽流量及喷头结构的影响,其中水温对喷注噪声的影响最大;喷注噪声随着蒸汽流量的增加而增大;在试验范围内,减小喷头的孔径或相对孔间距,可以减小喷注噪声.