Influence of diurnal and seasonal temperature variations on the detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete by acoustic emission

Chloride rich reinforced concrete prisms were coupled to chloride-free prisms and exposed to diurnal and seasonal temperature cycles typical of those found in the UK. Acoustic emissions (AE) and galvanic currents were continuously monitored and correlated with ambient temperature. AE and galvanic currents were found to emulate the evolution of temperature in the diurnal cycles, although no specific relationship between AE and galvanic current could be obtained. The influence of seasonal variations in galvanic current had no obvious influence on AE Energy per second over the range of corrosion rates studied. The findings suggest that AE is more sensitive to short term (diurnal) changes in corrosion rates than the longer (seasonal) effects. It was hypothesised that this is due to transitory changes in the internal microclimate of the concrete.     

计算机辅助声发射源检测定位系统

针对普通声发射（ＡＥ）检测仪缺乏源定位功能，开发了计算机辅助ＡＥ源检测定位系统，并详细论述了该系统的组成、接口、源定位算法和程序、剔除噪声等问题     

Evolution of patinas on copper exposed in a suburban area

Copper plates were exposed under sheltered outdoor conditions for up to one year, starting in September 2001 in Musashino City, Tokyo, a suburban area. Following various periods of exposure, the patinas on the plates were characterized to investigate their evolution by using X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The difference in the roles of sulfur and chlorine in the early stages of copper patination were identified by analyzing the depth profiles of these two elements. Sulfur was found on top of the patina as cupric sulfates such as posnjakite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆ · H₂O) or brochantite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆). Brochantite appeared only after 12 months of exposure. In contrast, chlorine was found on the surface after only one month of exposure. It gradually penetrated the patina as the exposure period lengthened, forming copper chloride complexes. Chloride ions accumulated at the patina/copper interface, forming nantokite (CuCl), which promoted corrosion.     

Simulations of the dielectric constant of bonding materials and field emission properties of CNT cathodes

The effect of the dielectric constant (k) of bonding materials in a screen-printed carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode on the field enhancement factor was investigated for high-efficiency CNT cathodes using the ANSYS software. The values obtained by a simulation study were compared to the experimental results obtained for screen-printed CNT cathodes. The field enhancement factor increased as the dielectric constant decreased, reaching a maximum value at a dielectric constant of 1, the value for a vacuum. The findings indicate that the larger sheet resistance of the bonding materials, after the firing process, can be attributed to the larger emission current of the CNT cathode. From these results, it was concluded that the best bonding materials for screen-printed CNT cathodes should have a low dielectric constant and a high sheet resistance. This finding can be used as criteria for selecting bonding materials for use in CNT pastes for highly efficient CNT cathodes.     

锌铬膜的成分与力学性能的深度剖面分析

采用浸涂及烧结工艺制备了锌铬膜防腐涂层,用辉光放电光谱分析和纳米压痕/划痕试验技术对其成分和力学性能分别进行了深度剖面分析,并探讨了涂层组成对防腐和力学性能的影响。结果表明,各元素随深度呈不同的分布状态和变化趋势,并与烧结过程相关,硬度、弹性模量的深度分布与元素的深度分布相对应,膜层有较低的失效临界载荷。     

EFFECT OF TOOL WEAR ON MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 6061 Al ALLOY

Tool condition is one of the main concerns in friction stir welding （FSW）, because the geometrical condition of the tool pin including size and shape is strongly connected to the microstrueture and mechanical performance of the weld. Tool wear occurs during FSW, especially for welding metal matrix composites with large amounts of abrasive particles, and high melting point materials, which significantly expedite tool wear and deteriorate the mechanical performance of welds. Tools with different pin-wear levels are used to weld 6061 Al alloy, while acoustic emission （AE） sensing, metallographic sectioning, and tensile testing are employed to evaluate the weld quality in various tool wear conditions. Structural characterization shows that the tool wear interferes with the weld quality and accounts for the formation of voids in the nugget zone. Tensile test analysis of samples verifies that both the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength are adversely affected by the formation of voids in the nugget due to the tool wear. The failure location during tensile test clearly depends on the state of the tool wear, which led to the analysis of the relationships between the structure of the nugget and tool wear. AE signatures recorded during welding reveal that the AE hits concentrate on the higher amplitudes with increasing tool wear. The results show that the AE sensing provides a potentially effective method for the on-line manitoring of tool wear.     

小波包-AR谱在钛合金材料声发射监测技术中的应用

鉴于钛合金材料的声各向异性和高声波衰减系数使疲劳试验过程中的声发射监测十分困难。提出了小波包与AR谱相结合对钛合金材料声发射信号进行分析的方法。即对输出信号进行小波包分解,然后分频段对信号进行重构得到包含不同频率成分的时域信号,再进行AR谱分析,从而提取出频谱特征。分析表明,该方法对利用声发射信号分析钛合金材料部件的损伤和裂纹扩展是有效的。可为钛合金部件损伤和裂纹扩展的识别提供可靠的依据。     

复合稀土氧化物-钼-铼金属陶瓷阴极的次级发射性能

研究了复合稀土氧化物-钼-铼金属陶瓷阴极的二次电子发射系数和抗暴露大气性能,对发射后的表面进行了表面分析,并与单元、复合稀土-钼金属陶瓷阴极进行了对比.研究结果表明:加入微量铼的复合稀土氧化物-钼金属陶瓷阴极的二次电子发射系数可提高8%,其最大次级发射系数δm为2.65,且具有较好的抗暴露大气性能.     

Improvement in galvannealed coating of IF-HS steel strips by combined GDOES and colour-etching method

Galvannealed coating of high strength interstitial free (IF-HS) steel was characterised by Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) and colour-etching techniques. Overalloyed galvannealed coatings with considerably high amount of Γ and Γ1 phases were detected in the first set of experiments. Necessary process modifications in galvannealing furnace were made to maximise the ä phase in the galvannealed coating, which was confirmed through GDOES and colour-etching techniques. As a result, an improvement in galvannealed product quality with a better powdering resistance property during forming has been achieved.     

声发射源特征识别的最新方法

介绍多传感器数据融合、时频能量模式分析及分析理论识别声发射源特征的方法，说明基于波形分析的现代信号处理技术是揭示声发射源及信号传播规律的重要手段。