A noise attribute thresholding method for document image binarization

A new thresholding method, called the noise attribute thresholding method (NAT), for document image binarization is presented in this paper. This method utilizes the noise attribute features extracted from the images to make the selection of threshold values for image thresholding. These features are based on the properties of noise in the images and are independent of the strength of the signals (objects and background) in the image. A simple noise model is given to explain these noise properties. The NAT method has been applied to the problem of removing text and figures printed on the back of the paper. Conventional global thresholding methods cannot solve this kind of problem satisfactorily. Experimental results show that the NAT method is very effective. Received July 05, 1999 / Revised July 07, 2000     

铁道钢轨断面的计算机图象处理与仿真

利用计算机图象处理和仿真技术,对铁道钢轨断面进行快速检测与处理的研究。     

一种新的VolumeLIC可视化方法

矢量场可视化是科学计算可视化中最具挑战性的研究课题之一,为了能在二维屏上直观显示三维矢量场,将基于纹理的LIC方法拓展到三维矢量场可视化,通过设计稀疏线噪声纹理并配合斜坡卷积核提高VolumeLIC图象质量,显著增强空间深度感,并采用光线投射直接体绘制方法生成VolumeLIC图象,另外,针对循环动画的突兀现象,提出HRCK（Hanninged RampConvolutionKernel)法生成流场的VolumeLIC循环动画,提出VolumeLICProbe交互洞察三维矢量场内部信息,通过实例表明,本文所提方法具有良好的可视化效果,交互方便,并已应用地幔可视化等领域。     

一种准无损压缩图象子带编码算法

针对有损压缩会损失一部分信息而无损压缩又压缩比较低的问题,提出一种实现准无损压缩的方法。该方法就是首先将图象用噪声模型进行去除噪声处理,以提高图象的信噪比,并有利于图象的压缩;然后再使用区域自适应子带编码算法进行编码。由于该算法能快速收敛,因而编码时间相对较少;编码通常能实时执行。实验结果表明,该压缩方案具有高信噪比、高压缩比等优良性能。从算法的理论基础来看,其中基于噪声模型的噪声清除算法对其他编码算法（如DCT、DPCM、JPEG、SPIHT、MPEG等等）同样具有推广意义。     

应用颜色矢量法抑制彩色图象中的噪声干扰

由于消除彩色图象中的噪声比一般的黑白图象更困难,因而针对彩色图象中多个单种颜色目标识别过程中的噪声处理问题,使用了一种新的颜色矢量分析法来进行噪声的抑制。首先定义了颜色矢量和平均颜色矢量,通过计算和分析图象象素与各类训练区平均颜色矢量的欧拉距离,快速地将多个被干扰目标分割出来;然后对多个单色目标图象分别进行平滑处理,以消除各自中的噪声,最后再将它们与背景图象进行“叠加”操作,以达到消除彩色图象中噪声的目的。实际应用的结果表明,这种方法的效果是令人满意的。这种方法主要适用于由多个单色目标和复杂背景等组成的彩色图象的噪声抑制。     

On Nonparametric Residual Variance Estimation

In this paper, the problem of residual variance estimation is examined. The problem is analyzed in a general setting which covers non-additive heteroscedastic noise under non-iid sampling. To address the estimation problem, we suggest a method based on nearest neighbor graphs and we discuss its convergence properties under the assumption of a Hölder continuous regression function. The universality of the estimator makes it an ideal tool in problems with only little prior knowledge available.     

Dynamic data assigning assessment clustering of streaming data

Discovering interesting patterns or substructures in data streams is an important challenge in data mining. Clustering algorithms are very often applied to identify single substructures although they are designed to partition a data set. Another problem of clustering algorithms is that most of them are not designed for data streams. This paper discusses a recently introduced procedure that deals with both problems. The procedure explores ideas from cluster analysis, but was designed to identify single clusters without the necessity to partition the whole data set into clusters. The new extended version of the algorithm is an incremental clustering approach applicable to stream data. It identifies new clusters formed by the incoming data and updates the data space partition. Clustering of artificial and real data sets illustrates the abilities of the proposed method.     

Noise exposed of the operators of combine harvesters with and without a cab

A considerable number of the combine harvesters in Turkey are rather old and used without cabs resulting in unhealthy working conditions for their operators. Noise is one of the detrimental factors. This study deals with determining and comparing the noise exposed on the operators of the combines with and without a cab used for wheat harvesting in Turkey. The sound pressure levels (dB) at octave band center frequencies (31.5–8000 Hz) and the sound levels (dBA) at the ear level of the operators were measured on 37 different combine harvesters with four different makes and different years from 1976 to 2001. Fifteen of the combines were without a cab, another 15 had original cabs while remaining seven combines had cabs mounted on them after manufacturing.

The sound pressure levels were in a decreasing trend from the lower frequencies to higher frequencies. This trend was more noticeable for the combines with original cab and with the cab mounted after manufacturing compared to the ones without cab. The use of a cab was more effective in the insulation of the noise at the medium and higher frequencies, which have more bothersome effect compared to the lower frequencies. The sound pressure levels were 75–102 dB and 46–89 dB at low (31.5–500 Hz) and high (500–8000 Hz) frequencies for all combines, respectively. The sound pressure levels at the frequency of 4000 Hz at which the human ear is most sensitive were 6–17 dB lower for the combines with the cabs mounted after manufacturing and 9–28 dB lower for the ones with the original cabs compared to the combines without cab. The sound levels were 85–90, 81–83, and 76–81 dBA for the combines without cab, with cab mounted after manufacturing, and with original cab, respectively.

The study showed that the use of a cab was useful in the insulation of the noise, particularly at higher frequencies. In addition, it protects the operator from the factors having detrimental effects on the working efficiency such as high temperature and dusty environment. The authors strongly recommend mounting of a cab on to the combines currently being used without a cab in rental system in Turkey to provide healthy working conditions for their operators.     

千兆以太网交换机的信号完整性研究*

以千兆以太网交换机PCB设计出现的问题为背景,研究高速数字电路设计的信号完整性问题,从板层、电源和传输线三方面分析原因,并提出解决方法,测试表明取得了有效的结果。     

消除485总线噪声影响的应用一例

就一实例说明如何通过软件设计的方法来消除系统中存在的各种噪声,保证系统的正常运行。