Combustion of single char particles in a turbulent fluidized bed

The combustion of single bituminous char particles (4-12 mm diameter) was studied in a turbulent fluidized bed operated at 1098 K using air as the fluidising medium. Results indicated that particles burn with constant density following a shrinking sphere model. Burning rates are much higher than those observed in a bubbling fluidized bed. The rate of transfer of oxygen to the particle surface is also higher than that observed in bubbling beds. A model is proposed to calculate the Sherwood numbers of the burning carbon particles. Experimental values of the Sherwood numbers agree well with those predicted from the model.     

Filtration Combustion of an Energetic Material in a Cocurrent Flow of Its Combustion Products. Critical Combustion Conditions

The paper reports results of a numerical calculation using the threetemperature model developed previously by the authors. In addition to the temperature difference between the gas and the solid phase (skeleton), the model approximately takes into account the temperature distribution in skeleton elements. It is shown that quenching is possible (after burnout of part of the charge) with variation in a number of input parameters: the thermal conductivity of the charge, the ignition temperature, the weight of the igniter, the initial temperature, the porosity of the charge, and the local rate of its decomposition.     

Estimation of heat of combustion of triglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters

Equations were developed for the estimation of gross heat of combustion (HG) of triglycerides (TGs) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from their saponification number (SN) and iodine value (IV). HG of TG=1,896,000/SN − 0.6 IV — 1600 and HG of FAME=618,000/SN − 0.08 IV — 430. When these equations were tested on cottonseed oil, soybean oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sunflower oil methyl esters, soybean oil methyl esters and cottonseed oil methyl esters, predicted HG values agreed well with those reported in the literature.     

Development of Monolithic Catalysts with Low Noble Metal Content for Diesel Vehicle Emission Control

Monolith washcoated catalysts with potential for diesel emission control have been developed. Two types of catalysts have been prepared for further study: (1) MnO _x supported on granulated -Al₂O₃, (2) MnO _x supported on cordierite monolith washcoated with -Al₂O₃. Both catalysts have been calcined at 500 and 900 °C and subsequently modified by doping with 0.1–1.0 wt% of Pt or Pd. The influence of the concentration of both manganese oxide (0–10 wt%) and noble metals Pt and Pd in the range 0–1.0 wt% on the catalytic activity in methane oxidation has been studied. Comparison of the catalytic activity of MnO _x /Al₂O₃ and MnO _x + Pt(Pd)/Al₂O₃ with that of a standard 1 wt%Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst shows the existence of a synergetic effect. This effect is more pronounced for the samples calcined at 900 °C. The developed monolithic catalysts MnO _x + Pt(Pd)/Al₂O₃ demonstrate higher activity and thermal stability (up to 900 °C) compared to the commercial monolithic catalyst (TWC's).     

Low-temperature catalytic combustion of methane over MnO x –CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts: Effect of preparation method

The effect of preparation method on MnO _x –CeO₂ mixed oxide catalysts for methane combustion at low temperature was investigated by means of BET, XRD, XPS, H₂-TPR techniques and methane oxidation reaction. The catalysts were prepared by the conventional coprecipitation, plasma and modified coprecipitation methods, respectively. It was found that the catalyst prepared by modified coprecipitation was the most active, over which methane conversion reached 90% at a temperature as low as 390 °C. The XRD results showed the preparation methods had no effect on the solid solution structure of MnO _x –CeO₂ catalysts. More Mn⁴⁺ and richer lattice oxygen were found on the surface of the modified coprecipitation prepared catalyst with the help of XPS analysis, and its reduction and BET surface area were remarkably promoted. These factors could be responsible for its higher activity for methane combustion at low temperature.     

Model development and validation: Co-combustion of residual char, gases and volatile fuels in the fast fluidized combustion chamber of a dual fluidized bed biomass gasifier

A one-dimensional steady state model has been developed for the combustion reactor of a dual fluidized bed biomass steam gasification system. The combustion reactor is operated as fast fluidized bed (riser) with staged air introduction (bottom, primary and secondary air). The main fuel i.e., residual biomass char (from the gasifier), is introduced together with the circulating bed material at the bottom of the riser. The riser is divided into two zones: bottom zone (modelled according to modified two phase theory) and upper zone (modelled with core-annulus approach). The model consists of sub-model for bed hydrodynamic, conversion and conservation. Biomass char is assumed to be a homogeneous matrix of C, H and O and is modelled as partially volatile fuel. The exit gas composition and the temperature profile predicted by the model are in good agreement with the measured value.     

Preparation of V doped lanthanum silicate electrolyte ceramics by combustion method and study on conductance mechanism

Vanadium doped La_9.33Si_6−xV_xO_26+0.5x (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) (LSVO) electrolyte powder was prepared by combustion method at 600°C for 5-7 min. The powder was sintered at 1500°C for 3 hours to prepare LSVO ceramics. XPS, IR, XRD, and EIS analysis show that V⁵⁺ doping replaces Si⁴⁺ in [SiO₄] to form [Si(V)O₄] tetrahedron. With the increase in x, the lattice volume increase. When x = 2.0, the LaVO₄ phase was formed, indicating that the limit doping amount of V⁵⁺ replacing Si⁴⁺ is x ≤ 1.5. The conductivity of LSVO increases significantly with the increase in x (x ≤ 1.0), which attributed to the defect reaction caused by V⁵⁺ doping. The addition of the interstitial oxygen Oi* in 6₃ channels and the increase of lattice volume leads to increased conductivity. When x = 1.0, the highest conductivity is 1.46 × 10⁻² S·cm⁻¹ (800°C). The doping enhancement conductivity mechanism is the Interstitial oxygen defect-Lattice volume composite enhancement mechanism.     

一类燃烧模型方程组的整体经典解

燃烧模型是拟线性双曲方程组中一类重要的物理模型.考虑燃烧模型方程组的Cauchy问题,利用特征线和局部经典解延拓的方法证明了经典解的整体存在性.     

大采高综采工作面瓦斯与煤自燃综合治理技术

针对张集煤矿1215（3）高产高效综采工作面高瓦斯、易自燃开采过程中的安全问题,本文介绍了大采高综采工作面采空区顶板高位抽采技术,优化顶板走向钻孔位置,结合顺层钻孔和上隅角埋管等抽采瓦斯措施综合治理瓦斯,同时采取均压通风、加快工作面推进速度、采空区灌浆、注氮等技术措施防治煤自燃,保证了回采期间回风流瓦斯浓度平均小于0.5%,CO浓度20PPm以下,实现了工作面的正常安全生产。研究成果为淮南矿区一次采全高高产高效工作面的瓦斯、防火治理提供了借鉴经验。     

注氮惰化窒息燃烧煤炭氧浓度的实验研究

利用煤炭自燃实验系统,对龙固煤矿7煤煤样的自燃过程进行了模拟实验.实验研究了注氮情况下的煤氧化煤温、自燃状态与氧含量的变化关系,确定了龙固煤矿7煤煤样窒息的最低氧浓度,研究结果对使用注氮防治煤炭自燃技术的应用具有重要的现实指导意义.