钚材料的α能谱以及氦气累积的蒙特卡罗计算

本文根据钚材料的元素成分和放射性核素的级联衰变规律,编程计算了共涉及11种核素杂质以及氦气的生成.采用蒙特卡罗方法计算,得到了自辐照α粒子能谱及其演化规律.在编制的计算程序中设计了独立的随机数发生器,并利用Fortran95的MODULE功能进行模块化封装.这一以封装模块为主体的程序具有良好的通用性和扩展性,可方便地作为一个功能实现部分嵌入钚材料老化研究的其他程序之中.     

Design and performance study of the helium-cooled T-tube divertor concept

The ARIES-CS study has been launched with the goal of developing through physics and engineering optimization an attractive power plant concept based on a compact stellarator configuration. The study included an effort to characterize the divertor location and corresponding heat load distribution, and to develop a He-cooled divertor concept that could accommodate a heat flux of at least 10 MW/m², and that would integrate well with the other power core components. This paper describes the design study of this divertor concept, which, although developed for a compact stellarator, is well suited for a tokamak configuration also.     

Numerical investigation of a diffusion absorption refrigeration cycle

A thermodynamic model was developed for an ammonia–water diffusion absorption refrigeration (DAR) cycle with hydrogen or helium as the auxiliary inert gas, manufactured by Electrolux Sweden (currently known as Dometic). The performance of the system was examined parametrically by computer simulation. Mass and energy conservation equations were developed for each component of the cycle and solved numerically. The model was validated by comparison with previously published experimental data for DAR systems. Investigation of cycle performance under different conditions indicated that the best performance was obtained for a concentration range of the rich solution of 0.2–0.3 ammonia mass fraction and that the recommended concentration of the weak solution was 0.1. It was also found that as the degree of rectification decreased, the performance of the DAR cycle decreased. Finally, the study showed that helium was superior to hydrogen as the inert gas: the coefficient of performance of a DAR unit working with helium was higher by up to 40% than a cycle working with hydrogen.     

三种反应堆用石墨摩擦性能比较

在高温摩擦实验机SRV上对三种反应堆用石墨的摩擦系数进行了测试,实验条件分别是高温气冷堆冷却剂氦气环境和空气环境,实验表明,3#石墨的摩擦系数随载菏的增加而降低,而1#石墨摩擦系数不随载菏明显变化;三种石墨的摩擦系数都随滑动速度的增加而增加;氦气环境中,三种石墨摩擦系数明显高于空气中的摩擦系数;在400℃氦气环境中,1#和3#石墨的摩擦系数比室温氦气环境和室温空气环境的摩擦系数都低。     

10MW高温堆气体透平方案初探

讨论了10MW高温气冷实验堆（HTR－10）气体透平总体方案设计中应考虑的主要因素。根据HTR－10及一期工程的特点,介绍了HTR－10可能的气体透平方案,初步探讨了直接循环和间接循环的特点。对一种可能的间接循环方案进行了总体设计方案的初步研究。该方案能够比较全面地研究氦气透平的特性,同时与HTR－10一期工程较容易衔接。     

Planet Moon: The Future of Astronaut Activity and Settlement

Ceaseless demographic growth and the depletion of the Earth's natural resources make the colonisation of space an increasingly compelling prospect. Madhu Thangavelu , an expert in the design of complex space projects, including space stations and exploratory missions, and a professor in the Department of Astronautical Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC), explores the possibilities and extreme environmental challenges posed by human settlement of our closest planetary neighbour, the Moon.     

An identification study of vermiculites and micas: Adsorption of metal ions in aqueous solution

This study deals with the identification of vermiculite in the presence of mica. Three natural silicates were first subjected to expansion by rapid heat treated at 400 °C. Then, the starting silicates and their derived heat-treated products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption at − 196 °C, and helium density measurement. The adsorption of cadmium, chromium, and lead was also carried out. Two of the silicates are composed of mainly biotite and the other of biotite and vermiculite. In general, the results of X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, and helium density measurements are well in agreement. The heat treatment at 400 °C has little effect on the chemical composition, structure, and texture of the silicates. The development of microporosity is small in the silicates. Surprisingly, the adsorption capacity toward chromium and lead is larger for the biotite silicate than for the vermiculite containing silicate.     

中国中西部富氦气藏氦气富集机理——古老地层水脱氦富集

氦气是天然气中的伴生资源,是重要的稀缺战略物资,但对其富集机理研究却比较薄弱。针对富氦气藏中的氦气如何富集这一备受关注的难点问题,采用地球化学研究方法,在分析中国主要富氦气藏中氦气富集的基础上,认为氦气之所以在少数气藏中富集,是因为气藏额外捕获了古老地层水中释放出的氦气。古老地层水溶解的氦气释放到气藏,是富氦气藏中氦气富集的主要机理。首次提出富氦气藏的形成经历过“多源供氦、主源富氦”的观点,氦源来自烃源岩、储集层中U和Th的放射性衰变,以及地层水中溶解的来自其他岩石U和Th的衰变,主源是古老地层水中溶解的氦气,来自古老地层中U和Th经长时间的衰变积累的水溶氦。当溶有氦气的古老地层水与游离气或气藏相遇,由于水中氦气的分压远高于游离气或气藏中氦气的分压,根据亨利定律,水中的氦气几乎完全可以释放到气藏中,形成富氦气藏。     

离子辐照对钼金属损伤行为研究进展

钼作为一种难熔金属,因其良好的高温强度、抗蠕变性能、导热性能、耐蚀性能和低溅射率等特性,是满足新一代核能技术发展的重要候选材料。离子辐照会改变钼金属的微观结构,使其产生位错环、空洞、气泡等多种缺陷,导致钼的性质发生改变,服役性能大大降低,最终使得钼金属不能长期有效应用于核反应堆中。本文综述了近年来国内外学者基于辐照对钼损伤行为方面的研究,分析了不同离子辐照下钼的微观结构、表面形貌、力学性能及光学特性等方面的影响,并在现有研究基础上对未来离子辐照对钼金属的损伤行为的研究方向进行了展望,以期望对钼金属的研发和核反应堆方面的应用提供参考。