模拟二元复合驱采出液破乳研究

用模拟碱／聚合物二元复合驱采出液，以脱出水色为主要评价项目，对新开发的若干系列的破乳剂＋净水剂复配物的破乳性能进行了室内评价。聚丙烯酰胺含量最高达１１６０ｍｇ／ｌ、碳酸钠含量最高达８０００ｍｇ／ｌ的模拟采出液破乳实验结果表明，聚合物含量是影响破乳效果的主要因素。破乳性能最好的破乳剂是ＡＥＤ７８和ＡＥＤ２３（甲苯二异氰酸酯扩链的双嵌段聚醚），净水剂是ＱＢＳ０５（阳离子苄基淀粉）和ＱＳ０６（阳离子淀粉）。     

改性碱法制浆废液降低聚合物泥浆粘度的室内研究

本文介绍了碱法蔗渣制浆废液与丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酰胺、一种有机络合剂等直接反应，制备改性碱法制浆废液的方法，研究了该改性制浆废液在膨润土浆和聚合物泥浆中的降粘性能，探讨了降粘机理。结果表明，该改性制浆废液在聚合物泥浆中的降粘能力大大超过ＦＣＬＳ，在膨润土浆中的降粘能力在加量超过约１８０ｍｇ／ｌ后略高于ＦＣＬＳ。     

Using EIS to analyse samples of Al–Mg alloy AA5083 treated by thermal activation in cerium salt baths

This paper describes a study undertaken of the morphological and anticorrosive characteristics of surface layers formed on the Al–Mg alloy AA5083 from solutions of Ce(III), by means of various heat treatments while immersed in baths of cerium salts. SEM/EDS studies have demonstrated the existence of a heterogeneous layer formed by a film of aluminium oxide/hydroxide on the matrix and a series of dispersed islands of cerium deposited on the cathodic intermetallics. With the object of evaluating the degree of protection provided by the layers formed and of characterising the particular contribution of the electrochemical response of the system in NaCl, the results obtained by means of EIS are presented and discussed.     

工业纯钛板材生产工艺研究

为了进一步提升纯Ti板材加工的产量和质量,努力降低车间生产成本,本文着重研究了Ti板加工的工艺路线优化以及Ti板的加热工艺、轧制工艺、热处理工艺、碱酸洗工艺并结合生产现场实际情况进行了分析,探索出了较为可行的Ti材生产工艺,为全年Ti材加工量突破3000吨大关提供了强有力的技术支撑。     

Remote detection of corrosion activity by SQUID magnetometry across a multiphase medium under electrolyte flow conditions

Hydrodynamic induction of magnetic fields on AA2024 sample corroding in NaOH solutions was studied by a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer operating in liquid helium with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm. The hydrodynamic generation of magnetic fields was explained in terms of electronic and ionic currents induced by corrosion potential gradients within the sample due to different solution flow velocities. The intrinsic magnetic activity of the electrolyte flow was significantly less than that of the corroding sample. The measurements demonstrated a unique capability of magnetometry to sense corrosion remotely and across the integrated media consisting of gaseous and solid dielectrics (air, plastics), electronic conductor (aluminum alloy) and ionic one (solution).     

Formulation of new materials based on geopolymer binders and different road aggregates

The study of bitumen substitution in the field of road construction is necessary to overcome the effects of limited oil resources and economic problems. The elaboration of new materials based on geopolymer binders and aggregates was investigated in this work. Two series of formulations of geopolymer binders based on sodium or potassium were prepared with the incorporation of granite or diorite. The formulation of these binder was investigated by the study of (i) the effect of the nature of the alkaline solution by modify the pH value with base and (ii) the mass percentage of the incorporated aggregates. The time evolution study shows different aspects of the synthesized materials, which depend essentially on the composition of the activating solutions and the nature of the alkaline solutions. The formulations using these ratios (Si/Na=1.55; Si/K=1.94 and 2.96) appear the best. Moreover, it was evidenced that materials based on the potassium alkaline solution present a consolidated aspect faster than the materials based on the sodium alkaline solution. Additionally, it is possible to incorporate diorite or granite until 60 w% with some formulations. These various formulations are promising to be use not as a substitute of bitumen but in addition between bitumen and ground.     

Experimental Evaluation of Effective Parameters for the Synthesis of Polysulfone‐Based Anion Exchange Membrane

Experimental evaluation using screening design is employed to determine the significant parameters in preparation of anion exchange membranes applicable in solid alkaline fuel cell. Anion exchange membranes are prepared based on quaternized polysulfone using trimethylamine and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐1,6‐hexanediamine as amination agents. Plackett Burman and Fractional Factorial designs are used to model variable factors and responses. Chloromethylation time and temperature, amination time and temperature and molar ratio of amines to chloromethylated sites on the polymer chain are studied as the model variables. Moreover, ex situ ionic conductivity (at 25 and 60 °C) and swelling ratio (at 25 °C) of the prepared anion exchange membranes are considered as the responses. Finally, based on analysis of variance using statistical software, the chloromethylation time, the amination temperature and the molar ratio of amines are defined as the dominant parameters which significantly affect the performance of the anion exchange membranes.     

碱焙烧法综合利用低品位氧化锌矿

采用碱焙烧法综合利用低品位氧化锌矿。将氧化锌矿与氢氧化钠混匀后焙烧。熟料水溶后过滤分离得到溶出液和滤渣,滤渣回收铁。碳分碱性溶出液制备ZnO、SiO_2产品。碳分溶液制备碳酸钠晶体或苛化碳酸钠溶液,得到轻质碳酸钙产品和氢氧化钠溶液,结晶后返回碱焙烧工序。整个工艺过程实现了低品位氧化锌矿中有价组元的综合提取利用,又实现化工原料的循环利用。碳分产品是ZnO、SiO_2和PbO_2的混合物,有待进一步探索分离手段。     

焙烧温度对宽甸含硼尾矿活性的影响

采用焙烧的方式处理含硼尾矿,以常压碱解率来评价其焙烧前后的反应活性。在TG-DTA热分析的基础上,研究了焙烧温度对含硼尾矿活性的影响,并采用X射线衍射对含硼尾矿焙烧矿样的物相组成进行了表征分析。结果表明:焙烧能显著提高含硼尾矿的活性。焙烧温度达到700℃之前,活性随着焙烧温度升高而增大;焙烧温度700℃时,活性达到70.10%,相比未经焙烧的含硼尾矿活性提高了26.69%。活性提高的主要原因在于,通过焙烧,不易碱解的含硼矿物硼镁石(Mg_2(OH)[B_2O_4(OH)])脱水分解成易于碱解的遂安石(Mg_2B_2O_5)。     

Combined (alkaline + ultrasonic) pretreatment effect on sewage sludge disintegration

The individual effects of alkaline (pH 8-13) and ultrasonic (3750-45,000 kJ/kg TS) pretreatments on the disintegration of sewage sludge were separately tested, and then the effect of combining these two methods at different intensity levels was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). In the combined pretreatment, ultrasonic treatment was applied to the alkali-pretreated sludge. While the solubilization (SCOD/TCOD) increase was limited to 50% in individual pretreatments, it reached 70% in combined pretreatment, and the results clearly showed that preconditioning of sludge at high pH levels played a crucial role in enhancing the disintegration efficiency of the subsequent ultrasonic pretreatment. By applying regression analysis, the disintegration degree (DD) was fitted based on the actual value to a second order polynomial equation: Y = −172.44 + 29.82X₁ + 5.30 × 10⁻³X₂ − 7.53 × 10⁻⁵X₁X₂ − 1.10X₁² − 1.043 × 10⁻⁷X₂², where X₁, X₂, and Y are pH, specific energy input (kJ/kg TS), and DD, respectively. In a 2D contour plot describing the tendency of DD with respect to pH and specific energy input, it was clear that DD increased as pH increased, but it seemed that DD decreased when the specific energy input exceeded about 20,000 kJ/kg TS. This phenomenon tells us that there exists a certain point where additional energy input is ineffective in achieving further disintegration. A synergetic disintegration effect was also found in the combined pretreatment, with lower specific energy input in ultrasonic pretreatment yielding higher synergetic effect. Finally, in order to see the combined pretreatment effect in continuous operation, the sludge pretreated with low intensity alkaline (pH 9)/ultrasonic (7500 kJ/kg TS) treatment was fed to a 3 L of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor after 70 days of control operation. CH₄ production yield significantly increased from 81.9 ± 4.5 mL CH₄/g COD_added to 127.3 ± 5.0 mL CH₄/g COD_added by pretreatment, and this enhanced performance was closely related to the solubilization increase of the sludge by pretreatment. However, enhanced anaerobic digestion resulted in 20% higher soluble N concentration in the reactor, which would be an additional burden in the subsequent nitrogen removal system.