Numerical study on the restriction speed of train passing curved rail in cross wind

The results of numerical investigations of aerodynamic forces and moment coefficients of flow passing a simplified train geometry under different wind speeds are summarized. To compute numerically the different coefficients, the three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, combined with the k-ε turbulence model, were solved using finite volume technique. The pres-sure-velocity fields were coupled using the SIMPLE algorithm. At each iteration the pressure correction was obtained by sol...     

考虑风力发电的电力系统小干扰稳定性分析

建立了适合小干扰稳定分析的风力发电机组的数学模型,用于研究含风电电力系统的小干扰稳定性,推导了考虑同步发电机励磁调节系统动态行为的全系统状态矩阵公式。利用特征值分析法,分析系统的小干扰稳定性。通过算例分析,表明风电场接入系统时,对系统中同步发电机强相关振荡模式的频率影响不大,但当风电出力增加时,相关振荡模式的阻尼增强,有利于系统小干扰稳定性。风电场接入受电端区域时,区域间振荡模式阻尼特性相对差一些,更容易发生振荡。     

副井提升系统安全回路及上位机优化改造

针对煤矿副井提升系统安全回路软硬件及上位机中存在的不足进行了优化改造,改进了过卷试验方式,将闸系统紧停信号引入安全回路,并将安全回路各节点状态信号引入RSView32人机界面,实时显示安全回路状态;根据现场检修需要,在上位机增加了复位显示功能及行程偏差大报警信号。实际应用表明,该优化改造可迅速定位故障节点,实现软硬件互查。     

Characterization of Pheromone Blend for Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana by Using Flight Track Recording

The behavioral responses of Lobesia botrana males to calling females, pheromone gland extracts, and synthetic sex pheromones were recorded in a wind tunnel. Gland extracts and synthetic pheromones were released from a pheromone evaporator. The numbers of males reaching the source and their flight tracks in response to calling females and pheromone gland extracts were compared to those of synthetic blends. Upwind flights to natural sex pheromone were straighter and faster than to a three-component blend of (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadienyl acetate (E7,Z9–12:Ac), (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadien-1-ol (E7,Z9–12:OH), and (Z)-9-docecenyl acetate (Z9–12:Ac) (100:20:5). The optimum ratio of E7,Z9–12:OH and Z9–12:Ac to E7,Z9–12:Ac was found to be 5% and 1%, respectively. An additional seven compounds identified in the sex pheromone gland were investigated for their biological activity. Two unsaturated acetates, i.e., (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9–12:Ac) and 11-dodecenyl acetate (11–12:Ac), increased the number of males reaching the source as well as straightness, linear velocity, and decreased the track angle of upwind flight. Optimum response was obtained by releasing 10 pg/min E7,Z9–12:Ac in a mixture with 0.5 pg/min E7,Z9–12:OH, 0.1 pg/min Z9–12:Ac, 0.1 pg/min E9– 12:Ac and 1 pg/min 11-12–Ac. The saturated acetates previously identified in the female glands were biologically inactive.     

A reverse osmosis desalting plant operated by gas turbines

Power plants in Kuwait use gas turbines (GT) only for a few hours to produce power at peak load times. Peak loadoccurs in the summer due to the air-conditioning load. As an example, the average number of operating hours for six gas turbines in the Doha East power plant was 16 in the summer of 2001. There is little concern about efficiency of these GT since they work for a very short time during the year. However, a recent increase in desalted seawater demand suggests the use of these GT to operate reverse osmosis (RO) desalting systems all year around. The summer outside design temperature in Kuwait for air-conditioning calculations is 48°C dry bulb temperature (DBT), and 28°C wet bulb temperature (WBT); but the ambient temperature can easily reach 60°C. Gas turbine power output and efficiency are drastically reduced by the increase in temperature of intake air to the gas turbine's compressor, especially during harsh Kuwaiti summer conditions. Thus, it is essential to investigate cooling of air intake to the GT compressor. The performance of a typical GT unit and its ability to produce desalted waterby a RO desalting system at different ambient temperatures are presented. Calculation of needed capacities for the cooling of intake air to the GT compressor was performed for evaporative cooling, single and multiple mechanical vapor compression cycles, and combined indirect evaporation cooling with the refrigeration system. The improvements of power output and efficiency due to the cooling of air intake of the GT and the resulting increase in desalted water are also presented.     

新型风力/洋流涡轮气动及引射特性

为高效开发利用低品位风能和洋流能,采用涡扇发动机喷管引射技术,设计含有单级涡轮和波瓣引射器结构的低品位风力/洋流涡轮,给出一种波瓣引射器的参数化方法,并基于CFX软件RANS方程和k-ε湍流模型数值研究涡轮气动和引射特性.结果表明:含单级涡轮和波瓣引射器结构的低品位风力/洋流涡轮可将其转子四周流过的能量通过波瓣引射器引入涡轮后侧,通过流向涡和正交涡共同产生的抽吸作用,降低涡轮转子后侧被压,使有效做功速度增大约1.4倍,等效于提升了能量的品位.在2~6 m/s的风能和2~4 m/s的洋流能利用方面,含单级涡轮和波瓣引射器结构的风力/洋流涡轮功率曲线与来流速度成指数增长,流通能力增大32.70%~35.33%,在低速工况能量利用率可达66%~77%.     

基于NASA观测数据的风电出力时空分布及波动特性分析

为克服实际风电场运行数据难以获取的问题,提出一种基于历史风速的风资源评估方法。首先,基于美国NASA(National aeronautics and space administration)数据中心获取风速数据,并利用假想风电机组模型转化为风机出力时间序列;然后,通过对时间序列的统计分析,计算期望、半载概率等指标评估风电出力的时空分布特性;最后,通过计算风电出力方差和分析相邻峰谷点差值概率分布规律分析风电出力的波动特性。所提方法能够同时考虑风资源自然特性和风电机组特性,且能对风电波动特性提供定量描述。利用所提方法对山东省风资源的评估结果表明:山东省可利用风能资源随地区、季节和昼夜的变化呈现出明显规律。     

山地风电场工程水土保持方案初探

文章介绍了山地风电场具有生态系统脆弱、地形复杂、对外交通条件差、毗邻旅游风景区等特点,风电场开发建设过程中将会对原有地表造成破坏,导致植被退化、水土流失加剧。针对山地风电工程水土保持措施进行探讨,以期为类似项目的水土保持提供借鉴。     

计及输入变量强相关性的概率潮流计算模型

利用统计学的方法,以风电场出力为例,对其大量历史数据进行相关性分析,将具有强相关性的随机变量用最小二乘进行线性拟合,并用其中一个变量的线性表达式表示,从而消去随机变量之间的强相关性,并认为余下的呈弱相关或不相关的随机变量之间相互独立,以便采用半不变量法计算概率潮流。     

特高压跨区送电的风电消纳及其环保效应

阐述了我国建设特高压电网的优点和必要性,探索了我国部分风电场产能无法消纳的原因.对解决风电消纳问题的各种应对措施进行了分析,同时也解析了我国目前环保问题的严重性以及原因,论证了建设特高压电网是目前解决风电并网消纳问题和电力生产导致的环保问题的最有效途径.