水分胁迫对刚毛柽柳可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量变化的影响

本研究在土壤相对含水量分别为90％，70％，50％，30％，10％时，探讨了刚毛柽柳（Tamarix hispida）同化枝中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的变化规律，并分析了三者之间的关系。结果表明，在土壤相对含水量逐渐减少时，刚毛柽柳同化枝中可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量持续升高，但前者的增幅明显小于后者。可溶性蛋白的变化规律则有所不同，土壤相对含水量从90％减小到70％时，可溶性蛋白含量开始小幅增加；随着水分胁迫加深，可溶性蛋白急剧增加，在土壤相对含水量为30％时达到最大；而当土壤相对含水量下降到10％时，可溶性蛋白开始分解，含量迅速下降。蛋白质的双向电泳图谱表明，当土壤相对含水量从70％减小到50％时，刚毛柽柳中出现了至少4个新的蛋白点。水分胁迫下可溶性糖和脯氨酸的积累为刚毛柽柳体内与抗旱有关的新蛋白的表达提供了物质基础，增强了刚毛柽柳的抗旱性。     

拟南芥AtCOR15a转化烟草及后代抗寒性研究

【目的】研究拟南芥AtCOR15a基因的抗寒功能。【方法】构建pCAMBIA1301-COR15a的植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草,通过抗生素筛选和PCR检测获得转基因烟草。低温胁迫后,利用蒽酮法和酸式茚三酮法测定转基因烟草后代与野生型烟草的可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,同时观察其抗寒能力。【结果】转基因烟草后代可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量均比野生型烟草有所提高,并在第5 d达到峰值。低温处理后转基因烟草后代能正常生长,而野生型烟草则全部死亡。【结论】生理生化指标的测定发现,可溶性糖含量与脯氨酸含量的变化趋势与烟草的抗寒性呈正相关,AtCOR15a基因导入烟草中可以明显提高烟草对低温胁迫的抵抗力。     

施氮水平对实生桃树可溶性总糖、淀粉含量及根组织构造的影响

[目的]为桃栽培生产提供理论依据。[方法]试验以3年生实生桃树为材料,NH4NO3为试验氮肥,设0、3、6g/盆三个施氮水平,探讨了不同施氮水平对实生桃树可溶性总糖和淀粉以及根内部组织构造的影响。[结果]根和叶片的可溶性糖含量随着施氮水平的提高呈增加趋势,以6g/盆最高,与对照及3g/盆区差异均达到0.05显著水平;淀粉含量却呈相反趋势,随着施氮水平的提高而呈下降趋势,以6g/盆含量最低,与对照达0.01显著水平。与对照、3g/盆处理相比,6g/盆根内部组织构造表现为维管中柱较大,维管束发达,皮层薄壁细胞间隙小,细胞圆润、饱满,细胞壁光滑,发育较好。[结论]适宜的施氮水平可促进桃树可溶性总糖的累积和根内部组织的发育。     

盐胁迫对大豆发育子叶愈伤组织的生化影响

在含不同浓度ＮａＣｌ的ＭＳ培养基上，继代５次培养大豆发育子叶的愈伤组织，分析了不同盐浓度培养的大豆愈僵组织的蛋白质，氨基酸和可溶性糖的含量。经测定表明，盐胁迫下，大豆愈伤组织的蛋白质，总氨基酸含量都比对照高，可溶性糖含量比对照低。ＮａＣｌ浓度在０－０．１％范围内，随ＮａＣｌ浓度的增加，蛋白质与总氨基酸的含量逐渐增加，当ＮａＣｌ浓度增至０．１５％时，蛋白质和总氨基酸含量又降低。     

日光温室土壤养分含量及比例与种植年限的关系

对陕西省泾阳县的日光温室蔬菜施肥情况与土壤养分状况进行了研究。结果表明,泾阳县日光温室氮磷钾养分的纯投入量平均为N·651 kg hm~(-2)、P2O5·485 kg hm~(-2)和K2O·855 kg hm~(-2),养分投入量明显偏高。温室耕层土壤速效磷、速效钾、水溶性钾和水溶性钙与种植年限之间都存在极显著的线性正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.995、0.973、0.973和0.979。种植7年后,硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别是农田土壤的1.8、5.1和3.6倍,水溶性钾、钙、镁分别是农田的12.2、4.5和2.6倍。随种植年限的延长,温室土壤K、Ca、Mg三者的比例严重失衡,由养分不合理施用带来的养分损失及可能引起的环境问题值得关注。     

干湿交替灌溉改善稻田根际氧环境进而促进氮素转化和水稻氮素吸收

[目的]阐明不同水氮管理模式下水稻根际内外氧环境变化特征及其对土壤碳氮转化和水稻氮吸收利用的影响,以期从稻田"根际氧环境"调控角度揭示适宜水氮耦合促进水稻生长和提高氮素利用效率的内在机制.[方法]在长期定位试验基础上,采用根箱模拟培养以及Unisense微电极系统和15N同位素示踪相结合的研究方法,以常规粳稻日本晴和常...     

淹水条件下FACE处理的水稻以及小麦秸秆的分解及产物

Winter wheat and rice straw produced under ambient and elevated CO2 in a China rice-wheat rotation free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment was mixed with a paddy soil at a rate of 10 g kg-1 (air-dried), and the mixture was incubated under flooded conditions at 25 ℃ to examine the differences in decomposition as well as the products of crop residues produced under elevated CO2. Results showed that the C/N ratio and the amount of soluble fraction in the amended rice straw grown under elevated CO2 (FR) were 9.8% and 73.1% greater, and the cellulose and lignin were 16.0% and 9.9% lesser than those of the amended rice straw grown under ambient CO2 (AR), respectively. Compared with those of the AR treatment, the CO2-C and CH4-C emissions in the FR treatment for 25 d were increased by 7.9% and 25.0%, respectively; a higher ratio of CH4 to CO2 emissions induced by straw in the FR treatment was also observed. In contrast, in the treatments with winter wheat straw, the CO2-C and CH4-C productions, the ratio of straw-induced CH4 to CO2 emissions, and the straw composition were not significantly affected by elevated CO2, except for an 8.0% decrease in total N and a 9.7% increase in C/N ratio in the wheat straw grown under elevated CO2. Correlation analysis showed that the net CO2-C and CH4-C emissions from straw and the ratio of straw-induced CH4 to CO2 emissions were all exponentially related to the amount of soluble fraction in the amended straw (P < 0.05). These indicated that under flooded conditions, the turnover and CH4 emission from crop straw incorporated into soil were dependent on the effect of elevated CO2 on straw composition, and varied with crop species. Incorporation of rice straw grown under elevated CO2 would stimulate CH4 emission from flooded rice fields, whereas winter wheat straw grown under elevated CO2 had no effect on CH4 emission.     

李果实发育过程中糖含量变化与糖代谢相关酶的关系

以‘龙园蜜李’为研究对象,运用分光光度计法,研究李子生长过程中糖含量和糖代谢相关酶含量的变化,通过对其相关性分析,发现：李子在坐果初期,转化酶活性旺盛,蔗糖含量较低,随着果实生长发育,转化酶活性逐渐下降,蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性升高,蔗糖含量逐渐上升。相关性分析得出,蔗糖含量与蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性呈现极显著和显著正相关性,而与转化酶活性呈现显著负相关性。     

西府海棠幼苗根内可溶性糖含量对VA菌根侵染的影响

为研究根内可溶性糖含量对ＶＡ菌根侵染的影响,以西府海棠幼苗为试材,进行摘叶和环割处理,采用酸性品红染料－方格交叉法测定力根侵染率,滴定法测定每处理叶片和根系中可溶性糖含量。结果表明,接种处理苗高,茎叶和根系鲜重均显著高于不接种处理;环割和摘叶处理降低了根内可溶性糖含量,且菌根侵染率随根内可溶性糖含量的降低而降低。     

Stand dynamics and tree quality response to precommercial thinning in a northern hardwood forest of the Acadian forest region: 23 years of intermediate results

In the late 1980s, large forest companies began precommercial thinning (PCT) operations in young northern hardwood cutovers in New Brunswick, Canada. To provide supporting growth and yield information, an industrial experiment was established at residual stand densities of 1300, 1600, 1900, and 2200?stems?ha^?1. Stand responses were examined for measurements recorded at 0 (1987), 5 (1992), 10 (1997), 16 (2003), and 23 (2010) years after establishment. Average diameter at breast height, quadratic mean diameter, stand basal area, and stand total volume growth increased as stem density decreased from PCT. There were significant linear differences for many of these variables between treatments and time periods (year). No significant differences were detected in tree height between treatments. In 2010, the four PCT thinning treatments did not exhibit any differences in potential sawlogs at 2.4?m (8?ft) and 3.6?m (12?ft) lengths. Significant differences were observed for 4.9?m (16?ft) sawlogs that were produced at the least dense spacing (1300?stems?ha^?1). Results from this study and recommendations from the European literature suggest that value-added timber products may be produced from more intense PCT treatments than are currently being practiced on sites dominated by yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.).