Oral vaccination trials with crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, to induce resistance to the white spot syndrome virus

The potential of oral vaccination against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in crayfish Procambarus clarkii was investigated. The protective effect of binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated WSSV was tested by oral vaccination, followed by an oral challenge with WSSV. The crayfish fed with feed pellets coated with BEI-inactivated WSSV showed a resistance to WSSV on the seventh day post vaccination (dpv). The relative percentage survival values were 60%, 70% and 75% for the vaccinated once, twice and thrice with inactivated WSSV. Following an intramuscular injection experiment, no mortality was recorded in the inactivated WSSV group and the negative control at 17 days post challenge. The cumulative mortalities in the heated WSSV group and WSSV group were 100%. Shrimp that survived the WSSV challenge on the seventh day after cessation of oral vaccination were positive for the presence of WSSV by a polymerase chain reaction assay specific for WSSV. This result indicated that inactivated WSSV could protect crayfish against WSSV by oral delivery.     

贵州草海小龙虾虾青素提取条件及含量测定

以贵州草海自然水域捕获的新鲜小龙虾(Procambarus clarkii)为材料,采用单因素实验研究了提取溶液、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数对虾青素提取效果的影响,用分光光度法测定了草海小龙虾不同部位虾青素的含量。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯为提取溶液,料液比为1∶2(g∶mL),在60℃下提取2 h,重复提取两次,再此提取条件下虾壳中虾青素含量最高。在虾壳、虾肉和内脏三个部位中,虾壳中虾青素含量最高,虾肉和内脏中也含有少量虾青素,但是含量远低于虾壳中的含量,说明了小龙虾虾青素主要富集在虾壳中。     

低pH胁迫对克氏原螯虾鳃和肝胰腺酶活力及组织结构的影响

采用石蜡切片技术,结合生物酶的测定,以体重(25.88±4.40)g的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)为研究对象,研究了低pH胁迫对克氏原螯虾鳃和肝胰腺生理代谢与组织结构的影响。在得出96 h LC50的基础上,将克氏原螯虾暴露于半致死浓度pH水体中96 h,以pH7.6作为对照,并于胁迫后0 h、2 h、8 h、24 h、96 h采集鳃和肝胰腺样品,测定鳃部分代谢酶和肝胰腺主要抗氧化指标,并对鳃和肝胰腺组织进行切片观察。实验结果表明,pH 96 h LC50为3.675。低pH暴露后,实验组鳃Na~+-K~+-ATP酶和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活力逐渐升高,细胞色素氧化酶(cytochrome oxidase,COO)活力逐渐下降;肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)在肝胰腺中的累积量显著增加(P0.05)。切片结果表明,低pH胁迫引起克氏原螯虾鳃组织中呼吸上皮细胞逐渐脱落,角质层受损;肝胰腺组织中B细胞及其内部转运泡体积增大,转运泡内颗粒物质增多,肝小管结构受损。研究结果表明,低pH胁迫会对克氏原螯虾生理代谢产生影响,并引起组织缺氧;虾体氧化防御功能在胁迫前期被诱导激活,但在胁迫后期受到一定抑制;低pH胁迫可以引起克氏原螯虾鳃和肝胰腺组织结构损伤。     

克氏原螯虾不同发育阶段卵巢中EST同工酶比较

[目的]研究克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)卵巢成熟过程EST的变化。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,分析了卵黄形成期和成熟期卵巢中酯酶同工酶(EST)的表达情况。[结果]所研究的两个阶段卵巢中EST同工酶的表达可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ共3个区。其中Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区卵黄形成期EST表达较强,酶带明显比成熟期浓,尤其是Ⅰ区,卵黄形成期EST同工酶的表达最强。相反,在Ⅲ区,成熟期EST酶带明显比卵黄形成区浓。[结论]在克氏原螯虾卵子成熟过程中,EST基因的表达存在时间差异性。     

嗜水气单胞菌对克氏原螯虾免疫相关因子活性的影响

将嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila )用灭菌生理盐水调节至1.5×104cfu/mL(I组)和1.5×103cfu/mL(Ⅱ组)的浓度后,注射法接种克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)(人工感染),定时检测供试克氏原螯虾的总血细胞数量(THCs)、淋巴液中酚氧化酶(PO)、超氧化物...     

淡水小龙虾资源的综合利用及其开发价值

综述了淡水小龙虾的资源状况、养殖前景及其综合利用的产业化开发。     

Response of crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, haemocytes infected by white spot syndrome virus

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a serious pathogen of aquatic crustaceans. Little is known about its transmission in vivo and the immune reaction of its hosts. In this study, the circulating haemocytes of crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, infected by WSSV, and primary haemocyte cultures inoculated with WSSV, were collected and observed by transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy following in situ hybridization. In ultra-thin sections of infected haemocytes, the enveloped virions were seen to be phagocytosed in the cytoplasm and no viral particles were observed in the nuclei. In situ hybridization with WSSV-specific probes also demonstrated that there were no specific positive signals present in the haemocytes. Conversely, strong specific positive signals showed that WSSV replicated in the nuclei of gill cells. As a control, the lymphoid organ of shrimp, Penaeus monodon, infected by WSSV was examined by in situ hybridization which showed that WSSV did not replicate within the tubules of the lymphoid organ. In contrast to previous studies, it is concluded that neither shrimp nor crayfish haemocytes support WSSV replication.     

克氏原螯虾不同生长阶段饲料适宜蛋白水平的研究

克氏原螯虾作为典型的杂食性偏肉食性动物,其不同生长阶段对日粮蛋白水平的需求存在明显差异.试验分别以体质量为0.026、1.04和5.06 g左右的不同生长阶段(仔虾、幼虾和亚成体虾)克氏原螯虾为研究对象,每个生长阶段分别设计5种不同蛋白水平的配合饲料,每个处理设置3个重复,分别进行为期8周的生长饲养试验.结果显示:①在...     

中国小龙虾产业发展报告 (2022)

采用液相色谱-质谱联用非靶向代谢组学方法,研究了两种日粮饲喂下克氏原螯虾 (Procambarus clarkii) 肌肉代谢物的差异及变化,为提升其养殖品质提供参考。通过样本主成分分析 (Principal components analysis, PCA),并与基因组百科全书数据库 (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG) 进行比对,筛选出虾肉中的差异代谢物并分析原因。结果显示：通过代谢组学分析,在正离子和负离子模式下共筛选出27种显著差异代谢物;与常规饲料相比,发酵饲料实验组中腺苷酸基琥珀酸、丝氨酸、磷酯酰胆碱、奎尼酸、补骨脂素、磷酯酰丝氨酸、谷氨酸等显著增加;经KEGG通路分析,变化显著的前４条通路分别是组氨酸代谢通路、精氨酸-脯氨酸代谢通路、蛋白质消化与吸收代谢通路和氨酰-tRNA合成通路。研究结果初步表明,日粮在调节克氏原螯虾氨基酸代谢、蛋白质合成和辅助合成氨酰-tRNA酶类等方面起积极作用。

     

克氏原螯虾大颚器对卵巢发育的影响

采用埋植和离体方法进行克氏原螯虾的大颚器（ＭＯ）对卵巢发育作用的研究,埋植大颚器７次能显著提高成熟系数和促进卵径增大,处于不同卵巢发育时期的克氏原螯虾大颚器提取物（ＭＯＥ）的离体研究发现,卵黄发生期的ＭＯＥ对初级和次级卵黄发生期卵径增大均有极显著的作用,而对卵黄发生前期的卵径增大无作用,处于卵巢发育早期的ＭＯＥ对卵黄发４生期卵巢小块总ＲＮＡ含量升高无显著作用,处于卵黄发生前期,卵黄发生期和恢复期卵