日本沼虾和克氏原螯虾胃容量的研究

以体重0.672～4.827g的日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)和3.678～43.163g的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)为试验对象,研究这两种虾的胃容量及其与体长、体重间的关系。结果表明,日本沼虾和克氏原螯虾胃容量随着体重和体长的增加而增加;将日本沼虾、雄性克氏原螯虾和雌性克氏原螯虾的胃容量(y)和体重(x)进行回归分析,分别得方程式:y=0.021 5x+0.006 5(r2=0.948 5),y=0.044 7x-0.008 5(r2=0.964 8),y=0.043 6x+0.0519(r2=0.978 7);3.009～4.827 g的日本沼虾比胃容量显著小于0.672～2.811g的个体,12.967～42.071g的雄性克氏原螯虾比胃容量显著小于3.678～9.754 g的个体,不同规格的雌性克氏原螯虾比胃容量差异不显著。     

不同地区克氏原螯虾群体的形态差异分析

运用3种多元统计方法,对江苏、安徽、山东和湖北4个不同地区克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）野生群体的13个形态比例参数进行比较研究。聚类分析结果显示,山东和江苏2个克氏原螯虾群体之间的形态最为接近,而与湖北和安徽群体间趋异程度逐渐增大。主成分分析中,雌性群体贡献率分别是主成分1为46.104%、主成...     

克氏原螯虾苗种规模化繁育技术

为解决克氏原螯虾苗种规模化供应短缺问题,以洪泽湖地区克氏原螯虾为研究对象,在研究、掌握本地区克氏原螯虾繁殖习性的基础上,设计并建设了由700 m2大棚产卵池和50 m2加温孵化温室及若干特制网箱组成的苗种规模化繁育设施.2007年9月分批次将16 443只成熟的克氏原螯虾亲虾放入大棚产卵池特制网箱,通过降低光照、微孔增氧、循环流水等措施,先后获得抱卵虾6 053只,平均抱卵率为45.7%;抱卵虾移入温室后,在控温、流水条件下孵化,获得了平均体长0.88 cm的稚虾76.9万尾,平均孵化率为81.1%.     

温度、pH对克氏原螯虾血清酚氧化酶活力及稳定性的影响

以克氏原螯虾(Procam barus clarkii)为材料,研究温度、pH对其血清酚氧化酶活力及稳定性的影响。实验以L-dopa为反应底物,在试验设计的温度范围(20,30,40,50,60,70℃)内,测得酚氧化酶活力的最适温度为20℃,随温度升高酶活力迅速下降,该酶在20~40℃范围内表现出较高的热稳定性,而30℃时最稳定;该酶的最适pH 7.0,在pH 6.0和7.0的缓冲系统中表现出较强的稳定性。     

WSSV口服卵黄抗体的制备及在螯虾中的应用

将提纯的WSSV接种于蛋鸡后获得了高效价的IgY(卵黄抗体),与一定比例的保护剂混合后,瞬间喷雾干燥制成干粉其效价基本维持不变。在以螯虾为实验模型的攻毒及治疗试验结果表明:饲料中0.1%的IgY含量能在一定程度上延缓螯虾死亡时间,而0.2%的IgY含量则能够使螯虾的最终死亡率从100%降至30%左右。这表明WSSV特异性IgY制剂是安全有效的抗WSSV感染的的新型生物制剂。     

蛋白质、维生素E和Se对克氏原螯虾性腺发育的影响

[目的]分析饲料中添加蛋白质、维生素E和Se对克氏原螯虾繁殖发育的影响。[方法]通过L9(34)正交试验,研究蛋白质、维生素E和Se对克氏原螯虾雌虾性腺发育、抱卵量、抱卵指数和抱卵率的影响。[结果]在最优组合中,VE为主要因素,其次为蛋白质和Se;最优水平为0.05%VE、28.9%蛋白质和1 mg/kg Se。[结论]VE和Se的组合对克氏原螯虾性腺发育、抱卵量的增加、抱卵指数的增大和抱卵率的提高等具有补偿与协同作用。     

克氏原螯虾的生理生态学研究 I.标准代谢

对克氏原螯虾(Procambrusclarkii)的耗氧率、二氧化碳排出率及氨氮排泄率进行了测定,并研究了能源物质的供能比。结果表明,体重(22.25±14.35)g的克氏原螯虾在水温(20.0±0.5)℃时,耗氧率为(0.191±0.081)mg·g-1·h-1,CO2排出率为(0.207±0 085)mg·g-1·h-1,NH3-N排泄率为(0.669±0.199)μg·g-1·h-1,能耗率为(2.94±1 19)J·g-1·h-1;试验虾代谢中蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪提供的能量比为2.7∶29.9∶67 4;耗氧率(R0)与体重(m)负相关,关系式为R0/(mg·g-1·h-1)=1.3565(m/g)-0.6882。     

溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾肌肉组织的毒性研究

为研究溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾的毒性效应及致毒机制,实验将克氏原螯虾成虾暴露于农药溴氰菊酯0.5、0.1和0.005μg/L三个浓度的药液中24h后,采用透射电镜观察克氏原螯虾肌肉组织超微结构损伤情况,并以细胞色素氧化酶活力(CCO)、乳酸脱氢酶活力(LDH)和乳酸(LD)含量为生物标志物评价溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾肌细胞呼吸产能功能的影响。结果显示,三个浓度的溴氰菊酯都会造成肌细胞超微机构不同程度的损伤,且浓度越大损伤越严重,损伤主要表现为肌原纤维断裂、肌浆网溶解,线粒体溶解。此外,三个浓度的溴氰菊酯都会对CCO活力、LDH活力和LD含量产生影响。其中0.1 μg/L的溴氰菊酯在6~24 h的暴露处理过程中会对肌肉的CCO活力产生极显著的抑制作用(P<0.01), LDH活力增强,乳酸含量上升。研究表明,0.5、0.1和0.005μg/L溴氰菊酯可以造成克氏原螯虾肌细胞超微结构损伤,激活细胞的厌氧呼吸,在组织中产生大量的乳酸,乳酸的蓄积会对造成细胞酸化而加重对细胞的毒性。     

Growth performance and muscle composition response to reduced feeding levels in juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

Overfeeding in aquaculture can lead to suboptimal growth and increased production costs. Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is one of the most noteworthy species cultured in China, but little information is available on the optimal feeding levels of this species, especially in ponds cultured with macrophytes. In this study, we tested the effects of five different feeding levels (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% satiation) of an artificial diet on growth performance and muscle composition of juvenile P. clarkii in 15 concrete ponds cultured with the macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (three replicates for each treatment). The results showed that growth performance decreased only when feeding levels were below 60% satiation. Muscle composition analysis revealed that the moisture and ash contents of muscle did not vary significantly with feeding levels but that the lipid and protein contents of muscle significantly decreased when P. clarkii was fed to 40% satiation. Stable isotope analysis suggested a shift in crayfish diets to easily available H. verticillata when feeding levels decreased. With this study, we hope to encourage crayfish farmers to reduce feeding levels and increase natural food items such as macrophytes in cultured ponds to maximize crayfish yields and reduce production costs.     

Juvenile Procambarus clarkii farmed using biofloc technology or commercial feed in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks: A comparison of growth performance,enzyme activity and proximate composition

A 60‐day study comparing the growth performance; proximate composition and the digestive, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) reared using biofloc technology (the biofloc group) or a commercial diet (the control group) in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks was performed. A commercial diet was fed to both groups, and the daily feeding amount in the biofloc group was 40% less than that in the control group. Wheat bran and glucose were used in the biofloc group to ensure a C/N ratio >15 and the same feeding energy as that given to the control group. After 60 days of feeding, the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate in the biofloc group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Furthermore, proximate composition analysis showed that the total hepatopancreatic lipid and ash contents of the biofloc group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the intestinal and hepatopancreatic pepsin activities in crayfish in the biofloc group were higher than those in crayfish in the control group. Moreover, higher hepatopancreatic lipase and cellulase activities were observed for the biofloc group than for the control group. Biofloc technology promoted the health of the crayfish in terms of their immune and antioxidant enzyme activities. Based on the results of this study, biofloc technology is more effective than traditional commercial diets for the farming of juvenile crayfish.