黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)2个山西分离物CP序列测定及亚组分类分析

 在生物学检测的基础上,利用酶联免疫检测、非序列依赖性PCR(sequence-independent amp-lification, SIA)对感病番茄进行分子鉴定,表现卷叶和花叶症状的番茄均被黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)侵染,分离物分别命名为SXFQ(GenBank登录号为JX993914)和FQ(GenBank登录号为JX993912)。为明确其分类地位,对二者外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)进行克隆和测序分析。应用DNAMAN软件对本课题组前期检测的7个CMV山西分离物、SXFQ、FQ以及其他3个CMV典型分离物CP序列进行比较分析,发现核苷酸和氨基酸序列最大相似性分别为77.1%~100%和81.6%~100%。氨基酸序列系统进化分析表明,9个CMV山西分离物属于CMV亚组I B的2个分支,其中在指示植物上表现较强症状的SXFQ与其他5个分离物为一分支,在指示植物上表现较弱症状的FQ与其他2个分离物为另一分支。对9个山西分离物CP进行亚组分类分析,结果表明其理化性质、稳定性、疏水性与预测结果相近,2个分支的分离物分别出现相近的氨基酸变异和蛋白结构,存在一定规律性。     

枣树组织培养研究进展

概述了枣树的茎尖、芽和茎段培养、花药培养、原生质体培养、胚乳培养、离体叶培养等方面的主要进展,并针对枣树组织培养中存在的主要问题提出了今后的研究方向。快繁是枣树组培最成功的方面,以茎尖、芽或茎段为外植体已经建立了十几个品种的快繁体系,而且,应用茎尖培养和热处理相结合的方法得到了脱除枣疯病病原-植原体的无毒苗。应深入研究花药培养、原生质体培养、叶片培养、胚乳培养及胚培养,并尽快应用于枣树的转基因育种和倍性育种。特别是幼胚培养的研究应该进一步加强,从而解决因优良品种胚败育难以获得杂种后代的问题,实现枣树的杂交育种和遗传图谱的构建。     

变温压差膨化干燥对冬枣总黄酮和水溶性糖含量的影响

研究了变温压差膨化干燥对冬枣中总黄酮和水溶性糖含量的影响。比较了超声波-微波辅助乙醇法和乙醇法提取冬枣总黄酮的效果,采用水提法提取冬枣中水溶性糖,参照Fenton法比较了膨化前后冬枣黄酮的清除羟基自由基能力,采用Sehpadex G-150凝胶层析法测定冬枣水溶性糖分子量分布。结果表明:微波-超声波辅助乙醇法提取总黄酮优于乙醇法。冬枣在膨化前后总黄酮和水溶性糖含量发生了显著的变化。冬枣鲜果、预干燥冬枣和膨化冬枣中黄酮含量分别为1.59%、0.71%、0.38%,膨化冬枣清除羟基自由基能力较冬枣鲜果下降。冬枣鲜果、预干燥冬枣和膨化冬枣中水溶性总糖分别为45.23%、55.84%、44.34%,还原糖分别为38.91%、47.29%、38.56%。Sehpadex G-150凝胶层析结果表明,冬枣鲜果中含有较多的大分子多糖,而膨化枣中含有较多的小分子糖。     

Growth and yield of self-compatible and hybrid common buckwheat lines pollinated with and without flies

Common buckwheat is a self-incompatible, insect-pollinated allogamous plant. This study examined growth and yield of the common buckwheat self-compatible and hybrid lines pollinated with and without flies. Self-compatible ‘IH3’, hybrid ‘IP2/IH3’, and standard self-incompatible ‘Kitawasesoba’ were used in field and pot experiments. Self-compatibility of ‘IH3’ was shown to be of high purity. Approximately 10% segregation of pin plants from ‘IP2/IH3’ was observed. The harvest index of ‘Kitawasesoba’ pollinated without flies was considerably lower than that pollinated with flies in both field and pot experiments. The harvest index values of ‘IH3’ and ‘IP2/IH3’ were hardly affected by the presence or absence of flies. The morphological traits of ‘IH3’ were significantly lower than those of the other two genotypes. Large differences in these traits between ‘IP2/IH3’ and ‘Kitawasesoba’ were not observed in either the field or pot experiments. The seed yield of ‘Kitawasesoba’ pollinated without flies tended to be lower than that pollinated with flies. The seed yield of ‘IP2/IH3’ tended to be higher than that of ‘IH3’. The hybrid line ‘IP2/IH3’ showed a high fertilization rate, which was nearly as high as that of ‘IH3’. Rate of fertilization and percentage of ripe seeds were higher in ‘IH3’ and ‘IP2/IH3’, wherein they were hardly affected by the presence or absence of flies, than in ‘Kitawasesoba’. The ‘IP2/IH3’ hybrid line will be useful for understanding the stable high-yielding ability of self-compatibility common buckwheat.     

苹果试管苗不定根起源及其发育状况的研究

利用光学和扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明,经琼脂生根培养基诱导产生的长富—2苹果 (Malus pumila Mill.) 试管苗的不定根起源于维管形成层。这种不定根发育不良,根表面缺乏根毛,内部解剖构造为典型的初生结构。为避免因不定根吸收、运输能力差而影响试管苗移栽成活,宜采用通透性良好的基质进行瓶内或瓶外生根,可诱导出优质不定根。     

水分亏缺处理对番茄果实品质及产量的影响

[目的]探索高品质番茄栽培适宜的水分亏缺程度,筛选适宜的番茄品种。[方法]选用10个番茄品种（系）,于第1穗花后20d进行水分亏缺处理,处理后测定可溶性糖含量和有机酸含量。[结果]水分亏缺处理提高了番茄果实中可溶性糖、有机酸的含量和糖酸比,降低了平均单株产量。水分亏缺程度越大,其增加或降低的幅度也越大。[结论]在生产中为了提高番茄品质,水分亏缺控制在正常水分管理的75%以上为宜。所选品种中,品种8适用于设施节水高品质番茄栽培。     

枣的耐藏性及其生物学特性研究

对１４个枣的鲜食、制蜜品种的耐藏性进行了比较研究，结果表明：早熟脆枣，灵宝圆枣、油福水枣、合阳玲玲枣比较耐藏；枣果实耐藏性与呼吸速率呈显著负相关，与失水速率呈显著正相关。果实呼吸速率，失水速率、果肉细胞大小和果肉比重是影响耐藏性的主要因子。     

NAA和B_9对番茄插枝生根和植株矮化的影响

萘乙酸 (NAA)浸泡番茄插枝 ,可促使插枝多生根 ,提高成活率。对幼苗喷施B9可抑制植株茎节生长 ,使植株矮壮 ,叶色呈浓绿 ,叶片增厚 ,不徒长。两者最适浓度为 10 0mg/kg和 30 0 0mg/kg。     

秋季叶施尿素及乙烯利对枣树贮藏氮素的影响

枣树(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)秋季叶施尿素、乙烯利及尿素十乙烯利均可促进叶片及落性枝的氮素向树体回流,增加树体贮藏氮素水平,尤以尿素 200ppm乙烯利的效果最佳;尿素及乙烯利处理均增加了次年枣吊长度、平均单果重及枣果还原糖含量;尿素处理还显著增加了叶片及新梢含氮量,座果数,但降低了枣果蔗糖含量。枣树秋冬季地上部与根系具有同等重要的贮藏氮素作用;蛋白态氮是主要贮藏形态,为非蛋白态氮的2—3倍。