大型海上风能开发示范项目及其借鉴作用研究——以上海东海大桥风电场建设为例

研究了海上风电场的组成、国内外风电发展的现状,以及上海东海大桥海上风电场建设的关键技术,为今后海上风能资源的大规模开发提供借鉴。     

The Feasible Control for the Day-operation of the Three-Gorge Cascade Hydropower Station

The feasible control problem is presented for the day-operation of the Three-Gorge Caseade Hydropower Station. The significance of the problem is explained. Basic propetties ofthe problem and the approaches to study it are discussed. Two methfods are given for solving theproblem. which are calculus of variation and linear programming. In the former. the Euler equationwith time-lag and the generalised two-point boundary conditions are obtained and the correspondingpractical implication is interpreted. In the latter. the rationality for the discrete model is exptainedand the computalional details are given for the implement software. some questions which should bepaid much attentfon and the corresponding propeels are prasented based on the numerical results andtheoretical analysis     

Kalmia removal increases nutrient supply and growth of black spruce seedlings: An effect fertilizer cannot emulate

In Canada's eastern boreal forest, the stagnant growth of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings is often observed in the presence of ericaceous shrubs such as Kalmia angustifolia L. Many mechanisms, including allelopathic interference, reduced soil N mineralization, soil enzymes inhibition, and direct resource competition have been proposed to explain poor spruce growth in the presence of Kalmia. However, the relative importance of direct competition versus indirect interference remains unclear. Our objective was thus to adequately isolate the “Kalmia effect” from other growth-limiting factors and to determine if removal of Kalmia also resulted in fundamental changes in the biochemical properties of the forest floor. By sampling plots established in 2000, we evaluated how Kalmia eradication and spot fertilization influenced soil nutrient availability, N mineralization rates, microbial basal respiration and biomass, as well as planted black spruce seedling growth, dimensions, and foliar nutrient concentrations 6 years later. We measured higher extractable-P, mineralizable-N, seedling dimensions and growth rates, as well as lower extractable-K, total-K, basal respiration and microbial biomass, in plots without Kalmia than in those where Kalmia had been maintained from 2000 to 2006. Our results thus confirmed that Kalmia eradication over 6 years not only improved the growth and nutrition of black spruce seedlings, but also resulted in fundamental changes in the biochemical properties of the forest floor. We demonstrated that along with direct competition for resources, Kalmia interferes indirectly with black spruce by modifying nutrient cycling and energy fluxes in soil. Higher indices of available C in plots with Kalmia corroborates that Kalmia tannins or rhizodeposition may reduce N mineralization by stimulating microbial immobilization, a relation that however needs to be confirmed with longer term laboratory incubations. Our results indicated that although it had a positive influence on seedling growth, the fertilization effect was confined to the first few years following treatment application, and failed to influence soil processes as did Kalmia eradication. Further monitoring will indicate if the increased litterfall in fertilized plots will eventually initiate a second wave of fertilizer-induced changes to soil processes, as observed in other ecosystems.     

电动助力转向系统转向性能的客观评价

针对电动助力转向的结构特点，分析了电动助力转向对汽车转向性能的影响，提出从转向轻便性、转向回正性、转向盘中间位置区域性能、转向盘振动、随动灵敏度和助力特性等方面进行电动助力转向系统转向性能的客观评价，并探讨了相应的评价指标，对电动助力转向助力控制规律、基本设计参数以及相关试验标准的确定有指导意义。     

循环泵运行故障分析及排除

循环供水系统具有节水、节能的优点，在污水处理、冷却水循环、供热系统等领域中应用十分广泛。介绍了曲阜市水利学院的供热系统的运行情况，通过分析其循环泵的故障成因及处理办法，说明了循环泵运行中值得注意的问题。     

改进型遗传算法在农网无功优化中的应用

根据农村电网的特点,建立了综合考虑全年网损、电压质量和补偿设备投资的无功优化规划数学模型.应用自适应遗传算法改进了传统遗传算法的遗传算子和终止判据等,提出了一种配电网无功优化的改进型遗传算法,其收敛速度和求解精度均有提高.算法实例表明,改进遗传算法的优化效果优于传统遗传算法.     

苗期地膜回收机的起膜轮的设计

针对现有苗期地膜回收机都是采用弹齿扎入地膜再回收,容易造成地膜的破损而不便于整体回收的问题,设计了一种柔性弹齿起膜轮,能够在不挑破地膜的前提下,将地膜由下向上整体托起并卷到收膜轮上,从而达到较完整地收集地膜的目的;同时,提出了一种计算滚筒驱动功率的方法.试验表明,该起膜轮能够实现设计要求.     

农村劳动力供给灰色预测

农民就业是解决"三农问题"的关键,而农村劳动力供给是影响农民充分就业的直接因素,科学预测农村劳动力未来供给对于解决农民就业问题意义重大.为此,将农村劳动力供给作为一个系统进行研究,采用灰色系统预测的方法对农村劳动力进行预测,旨在为劳动力供给预测提供一种科学的方法.通过对黑龙江省农村劳动力的研究得知,黑龙江农村劳动力总量将不断增长,而男女劳动力参与率差距将进一步缩小.     

负压供水下盆栽大豆叶片的光合生理研究

试验采用一种自制装置,在负压灌溉原理的基础上,通过设置一系列供水吸力梯度,结合盆栽方式对大豆叶片叶绿素含量、光合及荧光参数的变化进行了研究.结果表明:供水吸力增加,土壤重量含水量下降,大豆叶片叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)含量降低,类胡萝卜素(Car)含量增加; 吸力处理在50～70 hPa时光合参数均保持在较高的水平,气孔限制是光合速率(P n)下降的主要原因,120、140 hPa处理时非气孔限制起主要作用;随着光强(PAR)的增加,电子传递速率(ETR)增加,实际光量子产量(Yield)与光化学淬灭(qP)下降,非光化学淬灭(qN)上升,4个处理中50 hPa吸力下的大豆叶片活性较高.     

逆向物流的管理操作探讨

首先阐述了逆向物流的产生背景及涵义,然后具体分析了供应链中的逆向物流活动,以及操作模式,对如何管理逆向物流提出了自己的看法,进而引出逆向物流管理存在的困难。