Apparent digestibility of protein, energy, and amino acids in some selected feed ingredients for pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of amino acids (AA), protein, and energy in six feed ingredients (Brazilian fish meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, alcoholic yeast, corn, and wheat bran) we evaluated for pacu juveniles. In general, all ingredients showed high digestibility values for all AA, and differences among ADCs of individual amino acid were detected ( P  < 0.01). Corn gluten, soybean, and fish meals had the highest ADCs of AA. The ADCs of protein in fish meal, yeast, and corn gluten meal should not be used as AA digestibility indicators, because those showed differences up to 6.7% between the ADCs of protein and AA. All ingredients had lower ADCs of energy than corn gluten meal ( P  < 0.01). Lysine was the first limiting amino acid in fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, and corn, and the second limiting amino acid in soybean meal, as methionine was the first limiting amino acid in soybean meal and yeast. However, the soybean meal was the best quality protein source, as it had the highest digestible essential amino acid index. This demonstrated that digestible amino acid values can be used to formulate practical diets for pacu, preventing potential deficiencies or excess that might cause environmental and economic losses.     

Seasonal Changes in Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

The study was designed to assess the seasonal variations in the quality and lipid profile of mussel meat (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. The trial period lasted from June to October, and the sampling was carried out in the area of Varna Bay. Technological quality of the mussels was determined by measuring the water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking and roasting losses. Proximate composition, total aerobic plate count, and fatty acid analysis were carried out. Technological parameters and nutritional quality of the mussel meat were strongly affected by the season. During the summer, the mussels had higher mass, meat content, and meat yield (p < 0.001) compared to the early autumn, which corresponds to the lowest protein content during this season. Lipid profile showed seasonal variations in both individual and total fatty acid amounts (p < 0.001). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the highest content in summer, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased gradually until the autumn. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reached its peak in October, contributing to the most favorable values of the nutritional indices of lipids in the early autumn.     

草鱼干扰素的分离纯化及某些理化和生物学特性

通过ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ阴离子交换层析、Ｓｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌ Ｓ－２００凝胶层析、高效液相层析和梯度聚丙烯酰张胶电泳等技术,对病毒诱生的草鱼血清干扰素进行了分离纯化。纯化的草鱼干扰素在ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中呈现单一组份,分子量为３８ｋＤ,等电点为５．２５,过碘酸－Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ试剂反应表现为典型的糖蛋白染色特征。理化和生物学特性研究表明,草鱼干扰素具有１０００００ｇ（２ｈ）离心不沉降、耐     

巴厘菠萝果实发育期间香气成分的变化

采用顶空固相微萃取技术,研究巴厘菠萝果实发育过程中香气成分的组成及变化。结果表明,巴厘菠萝果实发育过程中共检测出48种成分,主要为酯类、烯烃,其中辛酸甲酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯等成分是菠萝果实的重要香气成分,是菠萝成熟果实的特征香气。巴厘菠萝在果实发育不同阶段,各香气成分的相对含量变化较大。     

半高丛越橘果实香气成分的GC—MS分析

采用静态顶空和气相色谱—质谱联用技术,以半高丛越橘品种北陆、圣云和北蓝为材料,研究了半高丛越橘果实香气成分。结果表明,半高丛越橘以醇类、酯类、萜类和酮类物质为主。共检测出39种挥发性成分,其中北陆检测出16种,圣云17种,北蓝23种。2-甲基丁酸乙酯和β-芳樟醇是半高丛越橘的特征香气,构成了半高丛越橘特有的香气,同时乙酸丁酯、2-丁酮、D-柠檬酸为北陆的特征香气,丁酸乙酯、2-丁酮为圣云的特征香气,丁酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、己醛为北蓝的特征香气成分,品种间特征香气的差异形成了半高丛越橘品种间独特的风味。     

发酵方法对柿果醋中香气成分的影

采用顶空固相微萃取法、结合气相色谱质谱联用技术,对自然发酵和常规发酵柿果醋中香气成分进行了分离与分析比较,分别从2种柿果醋中分离鉴定出挥发性化合物63种,均含有酯类、羧酸类、醇类、烃类、醛酮类、酚类及少量其他化合物.常规发酵柿果醋香气成分中含有酯类33.78%、醇类32.38%和烃类1.08%,高于自然发酵柿果醋的含量;自然发酵柿果醋香气成分中含有羧酸类61.25%、醛酮类9.66%和酚类6.13%,高于常规发酵柿果醋的含量.采用常规发酵法生产的柿果醋具有较好的感官质量.     

植物诱导抗病技术的发展现状

对植物诱导抗病技术进行了综述;针对生物诱导因子、物理诱导因子和化学诱导因子,分析了各种诱导因子的特征和应用;指出了植物诱导抗病性研究的现状和问题;并对诱导抗病性的应用和发展方向做作了概括.     

某化肥项目余热利用分析

该工程为利用某化肥项目生产过程中产生的余热进行发电。通过对化肥项目生产流程产生的废气与余热蒸汽总量分析,提出余热利用发电的装机方案,对该规模项目余热利用的方式与规模进行探讨。     

化学打顶对阿拉尔垦区主栽品种光合冠层的影响

化学打顶是指利用植物生长调节剂来打破作物顶端优势,进而保障作物的正常生长和生产。本文为探究化学打顶对作物的影响,利用摇钱素和棉花打顶剂处理新陆中70和新陆中82不同品种,同时测定不同化学打顶剂处理条件下,棉花的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度及棉花冠层叶面积指数指标。研究发现：不同化学打顶处理条件下,与人工打顶相比化学打顶的棉花的五种指标变化均不明显,但新陆中70和新陆中82品种的净光合速率平均值与对照相比分别高出3 μmol/(m2.s)和2 μmol/(m2.s),且冠层叶面积指数值比人工打顶的略高。试验结果表明化学打顶处理后没有造成棉花疯长,提高了光能利用率,进而增加作物群体的光合作用。     

广东陈香茶后发酵过程中主要微生物种群和酶类活性变化的研究

以岭头单丛茶树品种晒青毛茶为材料进行后发酵加工陈香茶,重点跟踪研究后发酵过程不同阶段的微生物种群、主要生化成分及主导酶类的变化并进行鉴定和分析。结果表明,在陈香茶后发酵过程中,微生物以产黄青霉和黑曲霉为主。茶多酚、茶黄素、茶红素、游离氨基酸等茶叶品质成分含量均呈下降趋势,而茶褐素逐步增加;果胶酶、纤维素酶等促进茶叶品质形成的酶类在后发酵一翻（4 d）时活力到达最高峰,多酚氧化酶在整个过程中活性较低。