不同施肥措施在茄子栽培上的应用效果研究

为研究木薯加工废弃物转化有机肥料(ZH-2)在茄子栽培上的施用效果,以瑞丰3号茄子为研究对象,设单施无机肥、单施有机肥、有机无机混合施用3个处理,以不施肥为对照,分别对茄子农艺性状和产量性状进行对比,研究结果表明,3个施肥处理在农艺性状和产量性状方面均比对照好,存在显著或极显著差异,其中,有机无机肥混合施用处理对茄子农艺性状和产量性状效果最好,说明有机肥ZH-2和无机肥配合施用,能够有效提高茄子长势,从而为茄子高产稳产奠定基础。     

对胶园间作木薯的思考及展望

综述了胶园间作的类型、优点、基本原则,以及对作物根系、土壤肥力、生态系统和病虫害等方面的影响;概述了胶园间作木薯模式的发展历史和现状,及其高产栽培技术,并展望了今后胶园间作木薯的发展应用前景和研究方向。     

明溪县木薯新品种（系）筛选试验

2010~2012年引进14个木薯新品种（系）进行比较试验,结果表明：GR911、F499、南植199综合性状表现好,适合在明溪县推广种植;SC5、SC9、F267、F671、F11、F1000表现中等,可继续参加试验示范;SC6、F406、F709、F556表现差,建议淘汰。     

木薯嫩茎枝快繁种茎技术

木薯嫩茎快繁种茎技术优点在于尽可能利用木薯全株,增加使用嫩茎枝和茎头,且用短种茎,兼顾加代繁殖,同时考虑优良的水肥管理和周年繁殖等,从而成倍增加了用种量,促进了种茎生长和延长繁殖期,可加速良种种茎繁殖.     

Isozyme analysis of indigenous cassava germplasm for identification of duplicates

Isozyme analysis was utilized for identification of duplicates in indigenous collection of cassava germplasm. 786 indigenous accessions of cassava were screened for 11 key morphological characters and the morphological duplicates were identified. Two hundred and eighteen accessions of cassava consisting of ninety one sets of morphological duplicates were analysed for esterase isozyme polymorphism. Thirty seven polymorphic bands were obtained, showing high polymorphism for this enzyme. Thirty seven double sets and 17 multiple sets were found to be similar at isozyme level. These isozyme duplicates will be further analysed for DNA similarity before eliminating them from the field germplasm. The dissimilar sets showed variation in minor morphological characters, thus confirming the relation between isozyme polymorphism and phenotypic variation.     

Propagule Quantity and Quality in Traditional Makushi Farming of Cassava (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Manihot esculenta</Emphasis>): A Case Study for Understanding Domestication and Evolution of Vegetatively Propagated Crops

Modeling how crop plants evolve under domestication requires estimating among-plant variation in important parameters of the reproductive system, including fecundity – the number of propagules produced – and propagule quality. Measuring these traits poses particular problems in vegetatively propagated crop plants. Unlike seeds, vegetative propagules are not intrinsic biological entities but are prepared by farmers. Propagule number and quality are thus determined by the interaction between plant traits and how farmers prepare propagules. We conducted observations, interviews and experiments to study this interaction in cassava grown by Makushi Amerindians, examining how both sources of variation, in plant traits and in farmers’ practices, combine to determine the number and quality of propagules produced. Increased stake mass, determined mostly by stem diameter, leads to increased yield and also to increased asexual ‘fecundity’ of the resulting plant. Farmers’ practices reflect knowledge of this relationship. Diameter is the key criterion in the selection of stems for stakes. Larger diameters are preferred; when thinner stems are used, stakes are cut longer, partially compensating for reduced mass. These results suggest that conscious and unconscious selection to increase ‘fecundity’ and propagule quality in cassava would act to favor plants with thicker stems. Mean stem diameter is greater, and variation in stem diameter is lower, in little-branched plants. Selection for increased asexual ‘fecundity’ can thus have led to reduction in the degree of branching, one of the most striking differences between domesticated cassava and its wild ancestors. Measuring variation in asexual fecundity is a key step in analyzing evolution of the mixed clonal/sexual reproductive systems that characterize many vegetatively propagated crop plants.     

Effect of traditional processing of cassava on the cyanide content of gari and cassava flour

Detoxification of cassava cultivars (30572 TMS and 30555 TMS) during their traditional methods of processing to produce gari and cassava flour has been investigated. The HCN quantitative determination was done using the enzymatic assay. Fermentation of cassava pulp for 96 hours during cassava processing for gari reduced the HCN by 22 ppm (52.4 percent) and 20 ppm (57.3 percent) for 30572 TMS and 30555 TMS respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the HCN content of the two cultivars. Soaking of the sliced cassava tissue for 24 hours in cassava flour production prior to sundrying resulted in 16 ppm (38.1 percent) and 15 ppm (38.4 percent) HCN reduction for 30572 TMS and 30555 TMS respectively. HCN loss during sundrying was 6 ppm (14.3 percent) and 5 ppm (12.8 percent) for the two cultivars. There was significantly (P<0.05) higher HCN loss in processing of gari than cassava flour. The residual cyanide in gari was 12 ppm for 30572 TMS and 10 ppm for 30555 TMS and that in the flour was 20 ppm for 30572 and 19 ppm for 30555 TMS.     

木薯品种间乙醇生产性能比较（英文）

选取了以面包树木、SC9为代表的11种木薯品种,分别测定其淀粉含量,并从生料及熟料转化乙醇2个方面对这11种木薯材料进行了比较试验。结果表明,各品种之间淀粉含量存在一定差异,其中SC9最高,淀粉含量达82.33%。熟料发酵生产乙醇明显高于生料发酵,且不同品种乙醇产量存在差异,其中生料发酵最高为H680,乙醇产量9.7%,熟料发酵最高为H609,乙醇产量达13.8%。     

The application of phosphate solubilizing endophyte Pantoea dispersa triggers the microbial community in red acidic soil

To confirm whether endophytes are members that play important roles in phosphorus (P) solubilization in red acidic soil, five endophytes that have the potential to dissolve insoluble P were isolated from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root. Based on the maximum amount of soluble P in Ca₃(PO₄)₂, AlPO₄, and FePO₄ liquid NBRIP, the strain Pantoea dispersa was selected to investigate the ability to solubilize phosphate over time. Our results showed that the solubilizing process of P. dispersa was accompanied by acid production. Beside succinate, oxalic acid, and citric acid, two special organic acids, salicylic acid, and benzeneacetic acid were found during microbial P solubilization. Based on PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) analysis, soil application of P. dispersa triggered natural soil microbial activity. This phenomenon could be maintained up to 25 days, suggesting that the endophyte P. dispersa would be a suitable candidate for optimizing agro-microecological systems via soluble P release in red acidic soil.     

“农民参与式”木薯研究与推广的10年实践探讨

对中国热带农业科学院品资所于1994~2003年间所采用的“农民参与式”在木薯推广中的方法、过程、结果和成果进行了总结,并探讨成功的协作模式及解决存在问题的良策;概括“农民参与式”的概念、作用、意义。指出其发展前途。