婴儿测试行为与智力发展相关性的研究

目的：分析自行编制的一套婴幼儿测试行为评定量表集中反映了哪些行为倾向，并探讨测试行为与智力与运动能力之矧的关系。方法：对象为227名6—12个月的正常婴儿（男130名，女97名），采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表（BSID）和自编的婴儿测试行为评定量表作为研究工具。应用因子分析、方差分析和相关分析的统计学方法进行统计分析。结果：提取出目标定向性，觉醒状态，负性情绪，正性情绪，反应性，活动量共6个因子，方差贡献率为65．43％。目标定向性、觉醒状态、正性情绪、反应性与智力发育指数（MDI）存在明显的相关，目标定向性，正性情绪，反应性与运动发育指数（PDI）存在明显的相关。结论：婴儿测试行为与智力发展相关。     

Daytime sleepiness during Ramadan intermittent fasting: polysomnographic and quantitative waking EEG study

During the lunar month of Ramadan, Muslims abstain from eating, drinking and smoking from sunrise to sunset. We reported previously that Ramadan provokes a shortening in nocturnal total sleep time by 40 min, an increase in sleep latency, and a decrease in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration during Ramadan. During the same study, the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on daytime sleepiness were also investigated in eight healthy young male subjects using a quantitative waking electroencephalograph (EEG) analysis following the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) procedure. This procedure was combined with subjective alertness and mood ratings and was conducted during four successive experimental sessions: (1) baseline (BL) 15 days before Ramadan, (2) beginning of Ramadan (R11) on the 11th day of Ramadan, (3) end of Ramadan (R25) on the 25th day of Ramadan, (4) recovery 2 weeks after Ramadan (AR). During each session, four 20-min nap opportunities (MSLTs) were given at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00 h and were preceded by rectal temperature readings. Nocturnal sleep was recorded before each daytime session. Subjective daytime alertness did not change in R25 but decreased in R11 at 12:00 h, and subjective mood decreased at 16:00 h, both in R11 and R25. During the MSLT, mean sleep latency decreased by an average of 2 min in R11 (especially at 10:00 and 16:00 h) and 6 min in R25 (especially at 10:00 and 12:00 h) compared with BL. There was an increase in the daily mean of waking EEG absolute power in the theta (5.5-8.5 Hz) frequency band. Significant correlations were found between sleep latency during the MSLT and the waking EEG absolute power of the fast alpha (10.5-12.5 Hz), sigma (11.5-15.5 Hz) and beta (12.5-30 Hz) frequency bands. Sleep latency was also related to rectal temperature. In conclusion, Ramadan diurnal fasting induced an increase in subjective and objective daytime sleepiness associated with changes in diurnal rectal temperature.     

New image-processing system for analysis,display and measurement of static and dynamic foot pressures

A new image-processing system, using a video digitiser with an IBM-compatible PC/AT, is developed for acquisition and processing of low-contrast, lowintensity barographic images of both feet for assessment of pressure distribution during standing and walking. Data displays, in the form of centres of pressures, isopressures contours, perspective views of pressures, grey scale image and walking pressure patterns, combined image of walking pressures, paths of centres of pressures and pressure variations with time, are developed. These have provided very useful and early information regarding the internal structural changes in the bones of the foot and sites at risk of ulcer development in leprosy subjects and enable suitable corrective orthopaedic procedures to be adopted. unitl the end of November 1990, and will then return to the Indian Institute of Technology.     

简明心境量表(BPOMS)的初步修订

目的 :修订并检验简明心境量表 (BPOMS)的信度和效度。方法 :对 886名大学生实施该量表 ,并对其中 74人间隔 9天评定重测信度。随机抽取 87名门诊初诊神经症患者进行BPOMS、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表 (SAS)的测查 ,评定效标效度。选取 87名年龄、性别和文化与病例组相匹配的正常个体为对照组填写BPOMS ,评定区分效度。结果 :BPOMS的重测信度系数在 0 40 6～ 0 664之间 ,α系数在0 70 5～ 0 890之间 ,具有较满意的信度。原量表共有 6个维度 ,本研究对BPOMS进行因素分析后提取了 5个维度 ,仍能够合理地解释该量表的结构。修订后BPOMS的“抑郁”维度与SDS、“紧张”维度与SAS的相关系数分别为 0 60 5和 0 60 2 (P <0 0 1) ,神经症组与对照组在BPOMS和各维度的得分均有显著性的差异 (P<0 0 1) ,说明BPOMS有良好的区分效度和效标效度。结论 :该量表具有良好的信效度 ,是测量个体心境状态简便易行的工具。     

The failed repressor: EEG asymmetry as a moderator of the relation between defensiveness and depressive symptoms

This study assessed the joint effects of defensiveness and frontal asymmetry in predicting symptoms of depression and anxiety. Depression symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety symptoms with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Defensiveness was assessed with both the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire L scale (EPQL). Participants completed two EEG recording sessions 3 weeks apart. Six baselines, three eyes open and three eyes closed, were recorded in each session. Alpha power (8–13 Hz) was computed and log transformed. R–L asymmetry was computed at eight pairs of homologous sites for aggregated data. Defensiveness (EPQL and MCSD scores) and depression symptoms (BDI) were assessed at the beginning of the first session. L and MCSD correlated positively with anterior R–L asymmetries. For both scales, the highest correlations were observed at F8–F7. L interacted with F8–F7 asymmetry to predict depressive symptoms. Among left frontally active individuals, there was trend toward a negative correlation between L and BDI. Among the right frontally active individuals, the correlation between L and the BDI was positive. MCSD did not moderate the relation between F8–F7 asymmetry and BDI. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that defensiveness protects against symptoms of depression in the context of left frontal activity, and serves as a diathesis for depression in the context of right frontal activity. High-defensive individuals who are right frontally active may represent “failed repressors,” i.e. individuals for whom defensiveness does not protect against depression, and may even exacerbate it.     

基于小波变换的小鼠QRS复合波检测

采用二进小波变换与斜率和幅度相结合的方法，对小鼠QRS复合波进行检测。根据小鼠QRS复合波的特点，采用Daubechics小波为母函烽，按照ECG的频谱特点选用尺度因子，对有噪声污染和形态变异的QRS复合波进行了检测。结果表明：小波变换对小鼠QRS复合波的检测是一种有效的方法。     

儿童青少年心理健康量表的编制和信效度检验

目的:编制一个用于儿童和青少年的心理健康量表,检验其信度和效度。方法:用新编的心理健康量表测查全国12个省(市)9278名儿童或他们的父母和143名异常样本,间隔5周的重测样本有87人,父母和儿童报告一致性检验样本56人,效标效度样本30人。用相关分析和因素分析考查量表的信度和效度。结果:新编量表的重测信度为0·713,Crobachα系数为0·847,分半信度为0·800,评定者信度为0·874;正常儿童在量表上的得分显著高于异常样本的得分(F=63·34-238·8,P<0·01);新编量表总分及分量表与儿童行为量表(CBCL)得分有一定的正或负的相关(r=0·27~0·609,P<0·05或0·01);探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析结果显示因素模式与量表编制者的理论构想一致。结论:儿少心理健康量表具有较好的信度和效度,可以用于儿童和青少年的心理健康评估。     

Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of Pearson syndrome: Five new cases and a review of the literature

Pearson syndrome (PS) is a multisystem mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder typically characterized by sideroblastic anemia and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PS is caused by a single large‐scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion. PS classically presents in the first year of life and may be fatal in infancy. Children who survive PS may progress to develop Kearns–Sayre syndrome later in life. The full phenotypic spectrum and prognosis of the condition continue to evolve. Here we report five new patients with PS with unique clinical presentations, including four patients with onset later than previously reported in the literature, and one patient with prenatal onset of symptoms. The timing and unique features of these presentations support an expanded phenotypic spectrum of single large‐scale mtDNA deletion syndromes (SLSMDS) and reinforce the importance of including SLSMDS in the differential for children with complex multisystem presentations.     

投入超脱量表的编制与信度效度检验

基于中国道家思想和认知治疗理论的道家认知疗法对个体认知的关注主要在其投入与超脱的程度。投入—超脱是一种对待人生的态度 ,一种价值观。它可以定义为与个体身心健康有关的对待生活的积极或消极的认知。由于生物的、心理的或社会的原因 ,人们对待生活的态度不同。有的人对待生活基本持投入的态度 ,表现为积极进取 ,希求成功 ;有的人基本持超脱的态度 ,表现为消极退守 ,宁静无为。就一般情形而言 ,无论个体的价值观怎样 ,只要是内心和谐而且社会适应良好 ,则应看作是健康的。投入的态度可能与较多的正性情感体验有关 ;超脱的态度可能与较…