Antimicrobial dosing in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury

Severe sepsis often leads to multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) with acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI affects approximately, 35% of Intensive Care Unit patients, and most of these are due to sepsis. Mortality rate of sepsis-induced AKI is high. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials may be responsible for higher therapeutic failure, mortality rates, costs and toxicity as well as the emergence of resistance. Antimicrobial treatment is particularly difficult due to altered pharmacokinetic profile, dynamic changes in patient''s clinical status and, in many cases, need for renal replacement therapy. This article aims to describe the appropriate antimicrobial dosing and reviews the factors contributing to the difficulties in establishing precise guidelines for antimicrobial dosing in sepsis-induced AKI patients. Search strategy: Text material was collected by systematic search in PubMed, Google (1978–2013) for original articles.     

内镜室感染因素探讨及预防措施

目的：探讨内镜室感染因素，制定相应的预防控制措施。方法对比医院内镜室整体搬迁及更换全新清洗消毒中心前后各项细菌检测结果，制定减少内镜室感染的有效措施。结果2013年内镜室整体搬迁、更换全新清洗中心前、后操作间空气细菌检测分别为47.14%、87.50%，消毒后内镜细菌检测分别为88.75%、88.33%，工作人员手细菌检测为93.33%，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过对内镜室进行科学规划、合理设置、整体搬迁，采用全新清洗消毒中心，标准、规范化清洗消毒内镜，认真组织学习医务人员手部卫生管理制度和手部卫生实施规范，能提高内镜室感染的合格率。