多维铁口服溶液治疗小儿缺铁性贫血疗效探讨

目的：探讨多维铁口服溶液治疗小儿缺铁性贫血的临床效果。方法选取2011年12月—2013年12月在该院接受缺铁性贫血治疗的患儿60例分为观察组和对照组,观察组患儿给予多维铁口服液治疗,对照组患儿给予葡萄糖酸亚铁口服液治疗。结果观察组患儿治疗的总有效率为93.3%,对照组患者治疗总有效率为80.0%,观察组高于对照组,数据对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论在对缺铁性贫血患儿实施治疗的过程中,多维铁口服溶液可以提高治疗的有效率,改善患者HB以及SF等指标,降低不良反应的发生率,具有显著的效果,值得临床推广。     

葡萄糖酸钙锌口服液联合布拉酵母菌散剂治疗轮状病毒性腹泻的效果

目的 观察葡萄糖酸钙锌口服液联合布拉酵母菌散剂对轮状病毒感染患儿症状控制及胃肠功能的影响,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 选取2017年8月—2019年10月三亚市人民医院收治的120例轮状病毒感染患儿作为研究对象,根据治疗方法分为常规组与联合组,各60例,其中常规组给予饮食指导、合理补液、抗病毒、预防或纠正电解质紊乱等常规治疗,联合组在常规组治疗基础上给予葡萄糖酸钙锌口服液联合布拉酵母菌散剂治疗.记录2组患儿治疗前后粪便标本中肠道菌群含量、血清中胃肠激素水平变化,并统计分析2组患儿临床治疗总有效率、症状改善时间(退热、止泻、止吐、大便性状正常)及住院时间.结果 治疗后,联合组总有效率为93.33％,高于常规组的80.00％(P<0.05),退热时间[(1.69±0.42)d]、止泻时间[(2.28±0.45)d]、止吐时间[(1.92±0.44)d]、大便性状正常时间[(2.30±0.45)d]、住院时间[(4.82±1.37)d均短于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).治疗前,2组粪便标本中肠道菌群含量、血清中胃肠激素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗后,2组粪便标本中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌含量较治疗前上升,肠杆菌含量及血清中胃泌素、胃动素、血管活性肠肽水平较治疗前下降,且联合组粪便标本中肠道菌群含量改善程度及胃肠激素水平下降幅度均高于常规组(P均<0.05).结论 葡萄糖酸钙锌口服液联合布拉酵母菌散剂可促进轮状病毒感染患儿临床症状的消失,改善胃肠激素水平,平衡肠道菌群,提高疗效.     

Recovery of Oral In Vitro Biofilms after Exposure to Peptides and Chlorhexidine

IntroductionThis study aimed to examine the dynamic recovery of established multispecies biofilms of oral bacteria after an initial treatment by D-enantiomeric peptide DJK-5, L-enantiomeric peptide 1018, or chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).MethodsOral biofilms from 2 donors were grown on collagen-coated hydroxyapatite disks for 3 weeks and exposed to DJK-5, 1018, and 2% CHX for 3 minutes. Immediately after treatment and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 12 weeks after exposure, the biofilm volume and the volume ratio of dead and live bacteria in biofilms were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy using a live/dead viability stain. Results were examined by 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparisons to determine significance at a P < .05 significance level.ResultsDJK-5 killed almost 80% of biofilms in 3 minutes and maintained this high level of dead bacteria for 1 week. The proportion of viable bacteria in DJK-5–treated biofilms returned to the pretreatment level after 12 weeks. The biovolume of DJK-5–treated biofilm remained significantly lower than that of biofilms after CHX and no treatment throughout the 12-week follow-up period (P < .001). The proportion of dead bacteria was higher in biofilms exposed to DJK-5 than with 1018 or CHX for 8 weeks after the exposure (P < .001). The proportion of dead bacteria almost doubled to 46%–52% during the first 7 days after the 3-minute exposure to CHX and peptide 1018. The timeline of biofilm recovery was slow but similar after exposure to CHX and the 2 peptides.Conclusionsecovery time after exposure to DJK-5 was longer than that after exposure to 1018 and CHX. Peptide 1018 showed a delayed, continued antibacterial effect similar to that of 2% CHX against the biofilm microbes.     

Antimicrobial and physicochemical characterization of endodontic sealers after exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate

ObjectivesAssess the antibacterial, physical and chemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot RCS and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) in contact with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) used as final irrigant prior to root canal obturation.MethodsThe antimicrobial properties were investigated by direct contact tests for planktonic and biofilm growth of E. faecalis, S. mutans, S.epidermidis and S.aureus in vitro. The setting time, wettability, microhardness and surface roughness were also assessed. The sealers were studied in no contact, 1-minute (short-term) and continuous contact (long-term) with CHX. Chemical characterization of sealers was performed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy after CHX or saline used as the last irrigant in an ex vivo tooth model and in endo training blocks.ResultsCHX increased the antibacterial activity of all the sealers investigated against planktonic bacteria and biofilms with PCS exerting the highest antimicrobial activity with and without the presence of CHX. The setting of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS was retarded, while for PCS accelerated in the presence of CHX. AH Plus and PCS were more hydrophilic after contact with CHX, whilst BioRoot RCS was hydrophobic in a time-dependent manner. The microhardness of sealers was compromised and the surface roughness increased after CHX exposure for AH Plus and BioRoot RCS, and decreased for PCS. CHX did not affect the sealers’ chemistry, but PCS that exhibited two extra phases.SignificanceCHX improved the antibacterial efficacy of endodontic sealers but further evidence is needed to confirm its suitability as a final irrigant prior to root canal obturation.     

钛表面单宁酸络合氯化钙涂层接枝氯己定功能及稳定性探究

目的探究钛表面单宁酸和氯化钙络合后接枝氯己定的生物相容性、抗菌性以及稳定性。以期在种植体表面构建持久抗菌涂层。方法商业钛片经打磨后,以光滑钛片为对照组,接枝不同浓度的氯己定。通过X射线光电子能谱分析元素组成。接触角测量仪分析其亲水性,Zeta电位实验分析其反应稳定性,金黄色葡萄球菌的涂板计数法,抑菌环法以及增值法分析其抗菌性能。甲基噻唑基四唑法和荧光显微镜观察细胞培养1d,3d的细胞活性,以及浸泡1、4、7、14、30、60d后测量涂层的稳定性。结果单宁酸和钙络合后钛表面C、Ca原子百分含量明显增加,接触角下降,zeta电位数值下降;接枝氯己定后,接触角上升,菌液涂板未见菌落,抑菌环透亮,细菌增值OD为0.06;细胞培养1、3 d氯己定组细胞活性与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),氯己定组钛表面黏附大量细胞,且细胞形态良好。浸泡1、4、7、14、30、60天后抑菌环,细菌涂板法以及增值法分析其有良好的抗菌性。结论钛表面单宁酸和氯化钙络合后接枝氯己定有良好的生物相容性和优良的抗菌抑菌能力,且具有持久的稳定性。     

Cytokine Expression in Human Osteoblasts After Antiseptic Treatment: A Comparative Study Between Polyhexanide and Chlorhexidine

Purpose/Aim of the study: Chlorhexidine and polyhexanide are frequently used antiseptics in clinical practice and have a broad antimicrobial range. Both antiseptics are helpful medical agents for septic wound treatment with a high potential for defeating joint infections. Their effect on human osteoblasts has, so far, not been sufficiently evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the activating potential of polyhexanide and chlorhexidine on inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in human osteoblasts in vitro. Materials and Methods: Human osteoblasts were isolated and cultivated in vitro and then treated separately with 0.1% and 2% chlorhexidine and 0.04% polyhexanide as commonly applied concentrations in clinical practice. Detection of cell structure and cell morphology was performed by light microscopic inspection. Cytokine and chemokine secretion was determined by using a multiplex suspension array. Results: Cell shrinking, defective cell membrane, and the loss of cell adhesion indicated cell damage of human osteoblasts after treatment with both antiseptics was evaluated by using light microscopy. Polyhexanide, but not chlorhexidine, caused human osteoblasts to secrete various interleukins (1β, 6, and 7), interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor basic, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor as quantified by multiplex suspension array. Conclusions: Both antiseptics induced morphological cell damage at an optimum exposure between 1 and 10 min. But only polyhexanide mediated a pronounced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human osteoblasts. Therefore, we recommend a preferred usage of chlorhexidine in septic surgery to avoid the induction of an inflammatory reaction.