四维小鼠全身体模及其在医学影像研究中的应用

医学成像模拟对描述、评估和优化医学成像设备而言是一个强有力的工具.模拟的关键是必须有研究对象解剖结构仿真体模或模型.四维小鼠全身体模为影像研究提供了小鼠解剖和生理的仿真模型.精确的模型与成像过程相结合,能提供研究对象在健康和疾病状态下不同的解剖和运动(心脏和呼吸)的大量逼真的成像数据.对研究解剖、生理、机体等因素对医学和小动物成像的影响来说,四维小鼠全身体模有巨大的潜力,其还可用于新仪器研究、图像采集策略、图像处理和重建方式、图像可视化和解释技术等.     

急性心源性肺水肿临床疗效与X线胸片的相关性分析

目的研究急性心源性肺水肿治疗效果和X线胸片表现之间的关系,为临床评估疗效提供帮助。方法由2名有经验的放射科医师采用盲法回顾性分析48例急性心源性肺水肿患者治疗前后的X线胸片好转率,所得的数据做χ2检验,并用Kappa检验对2人评判的结果做一致性分析。结果医师甲、乙所得的结论均为:急性心源性肺水肿临床治疗后好转者,X线胸片好转率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲乙医师间阅片的一致性分析差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明甲乙2名医师对治疗前后X线表现好转与否的诊断结果有较好的一致性。讨论急性心源性肺水肿治疗过程中复查X线胸片,是评估临床疗效的一种有效的方法 。     

三期螺旋CT扫描、经动脉门静脉造影CT扫描及经肝动脉造影CT扫描对经动脉化学栓塞治疗肝细胞肝癌计划及其实施情况的影响

目的 探讨在制定不可切除的肝细胞肝癌患者的化学栓塞计划及其实施情况方面,采用CTAP联合CTHA检查是否较常规的THCT联合肝动脉DSA检查更有利、更有价值.材料和方法采用前瞻性研究方式,连续有49名患有不可切除的肝细胞肝癌患者进入本项研究.该49名患者的平均年龄为64.9岁.全部患者在施行TACE前的1个月内均接受了...     

计算机X线摄影与普通X线摄影的对比分析

目的探讨计算机X线摄影(CR)片与普通X线片图像质量的优劣。方法对200张胸部CR片与200张胸部普通X线片进行比较,计算CR片与普通X线片的甲级片、乙级片、丙级片以及废片的百分比。结果 CR的甲级片率为80%,普通X线片的甲级片率为62.0%;CR的乙级片、丙级片、废片率均低于普通X线片,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 CR的分辨率高于普通X线片,有利于临床诊断要求。     

实现医院X光片共享信息系统的安全策略

随着医院信息化建设的深入发展,为保证医院数据的连续性、完整性和准确性,信息系统需要24h不间断运行。因此,如何保证信息系统正常运行及信息安全,就成为一个重要问题,涉及到网络、环境、人等各方面因素。     

3D structure and allosteric modulation of the transmembrane domain of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels mediate rapid chemo-electric signal transduction in animals. The active site of this family of proteins is their ion channel pore, which is located at the center of the transmembrane domain. The opening/closing motions of the channel pore are governed by the binding of neurotransmitter to the extracellular domain, but also by allosteric effectors acting within the transmembrane domain. Here, we review the structure of the transmembrane domain as well as its role in the allosteric modulation of pentameric ligand-gated ion channel function. We focus on two examples: the interactions of nicotinic ACh receptors with lipids, for which a novel “uncoupled” state has been proposed, and the interactions of GABA_A and Glycine receptors with allosteric modulators, such as general anesthetics, ethanol and neurosteroids. We revisit these data in light of the recently solved X-ray structures of bacterial members of the family, which provide atomic-resolution insight into the structures of both the transmembrane domain and associated lipids.     

Cardiac Scintigraphy With Technetium-99m-Labeled Bone-Seeking Tracers for Suspected Amyloidosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Technetium-labeled cardiac scintigraphy (i.e., Tc-PYP scan) has been repurposed for the diagnosis of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). Validated in cohorts of patients with heart failure and echocardiographic and/or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of cardiac amyloidosis, cardiac scintigraphy can confirm the diagnosis of ATTR-CM only when combined with blood and urine testing to exclude a monoclonal protein. Multisocietal guidelines support the nonbiopsy diagnosis of ATTR-CM using cardiac scintigraphy, yet emphasize its use in the appropriate clinical context and the crucial need to rule out light chain amyloid cardiomyopathy. Although increased awareness of ATTR-CM and the advent of effective therapy have led to rapid adoption of diagnostic scintigraphy, there is heterogeneity in adherence to consensus guidelines. This perspective outlines clinical scenarios wherein findings on technetium-labeled cardiac scintigraphy have been misinterpreted, reviews causes of false-negative and false-positive results, and provides strategies to avoid costly and potentially fatal misdiagnoses.     

Expression of anti-heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (anti-hnRNP) in limited systemic sclerosis patients: Relation to radiographic findings of the hand

Background

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease with vascular, fibrotic and immune changes of skin and some internal organs. Anti-heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (anti-hnRNP) were found in SSc patients.

Evaluation of olfactory dysfunction to estimate the presence of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with asthma

BackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is often complicated by asthma and can be difficult to diagnose. This study aimed to clarify the usefulness of the self-administered odor questionnaire (SAOQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) to identify olfactory disorders in patients with asthma.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on patients with asthma who were referred to the Otolaryngology clinic between May and September 2018. The treatment step of asthma, asthma control test (ACT), pulmonary function test, peripheral blood eosinophils, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were analyzed. ECRS was diagnosed based on the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis Study score. Olfactory dysfunction was evaluated using the SAOQ and VAS for olfactory disorders.ResultsThe study included 56 patients (18 males and 38 females), who were divided into two groups; those with ECRS (n = 18) and those without ECRS (n = 38). Age, sex, treatment step, ACT score, and pulmonary function were not significantly different between the groups. The ECRS group had a significantly higher FeNO value (89.1 ppb vs. 39.1 ppb) and a significantly lower SAOQ score (40.1% vs. 96.1%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the efficacy of ECRS diagnosis was 0.88, 0.889, 0.799, and 0.757 for SAOQ, VAS, blood eosinophil count, and FeNO, respectively.ConclusionThe SAOQ and VAS scores were useful tools that presented similar results to the blood eosinophil count and FeNO, and may help to improve the diagnosis of ECRS in patients with asthma.