骨盆软骨肉瘤影像特征及其病理基础

目的 分析骨盆软骨肉瘤的影像表现及其病理基础,以提高诊断准确性.方法 回顾分析经手术病理证实的骨盆软骨肉瘤12例,术前分别经X线平片、XT平扫、MR SE T,WI、T2WI和增强T1WI,仔细复习影像学扫描结果并和手术病理作对照.结果 12例骨盆软骨肉瘤,普通型11例,去分化型1例.发病部位包括髂骨2例,髋臼3例,坐骨和耻骨6例,骶尾骨1例.肿瘤直径4.7～17.0 cm,<5.0 cm者1例,5.0～10.0 cm者6例,>10.0 cm者5例.病灶呈轻度膨胀性或溶骨性骨质破坏,11例边缘呈扇贝状分叶,1例境界不清.X线平片检查8例中,弓环状钙化1例,隐约钙化6例,无钙化1例,显著软组织肿块3例,骨膜增生1例.cT检查5例,肿瘤密度等于或低于肌肉密度,5例均可见轻度弓环状钙化和软组织肿块.MR检查7例,T1WI等低信号7例,T2WI显著高信号7例,其中6例T2WI高信号内可见弓环状低信号分隔,1例见低信号结节,7例见明显软组织肿块.增强T1WI 6例,所有小叶分隔呈进行性持续强化,小叶自身不强化.结论 MRI可直接显示骨盆软骨肉瘤的病理特征,优于CT和平片.CT对显示解剖学复杂的骨盆病灶及轻微钙化等有明显价值.     

Effect of a gentle Iyengar yoga program on gait in the elderly: an exploratory study

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a tailored yoga program could improve age-related changes in hip extension, stride length, and associated indices of gait function in healthy elders, changes that have been linked to increased risk for falls, dependency, and mortality in geriatric populations. DESIGN: Single group pre-post test exploratory study. A 3-dimensional quantitative gait evaluation, including kinematic and kinetic measurements, was performed pre- and postintervention. Changes over time (baseline to postintervention) in primary and secondary outcome variables were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. SETTING: Yoga exercises were performed in an academic medical center (group classes) and in the subjects' homes (yoga home-practice assignments). Pre- and postassessments were performed in a gait laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three healthy adults (age range, 62-83 y) who were naive to yoga were recruited; 19 participants completed the program. INTERVENTION: An 8-week Iyengar Hatha yoga program specifically tailored to elderly persons and designed to improve lower-body strength and flexibility. Participants attended two 90-minute yoga classes per week, and were asked to complete at least 20 minutes of directed home practice on alternate days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak hip extension, average anterior pelvic tilt, and stride length at comfortable walking speed. RESULTS: Peak hip extension and stride length significantly increased (F1,18=15.44, P<.001; F1,18=5.57, P=.03, respectively). We also observed a trend toward reduced average pelvic tilt (F1,18=4.10, P=.06); adjusting for the modifying influence of frequency of home yoga practice strengthened the significance of this association (adjusted F1,17=14.30, P=.001). Both the frequency and duration of yoga home practice showed a strong, linear, dose-response relationship to changes in hip extension and average pelvic tilt. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this exploratory study suggest that yoga practice may improve hip extension, increase stride length, and decrease anterior pelvic tilt in healthy elders, and that yoga programs tailored to elderly adults may offer a cost-effective means of preventing or reducing age-related changes in these indices of gait function.     

Paraprosthetic Complications After Endoprosthesis Replacement of Pelvis Joint with Implants

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is shaping of ideas about possible ways of decreasing complications of the analyzed types of operations and identification of opportunities of the impact on the socio-economic environment among the Afro-American population of USA. The paper demonstrates that the issue of coxofemoral prosthesis is not only a purely medical but also a social problem. In particular, availability of timely aid, as well as insurance in the form of surgery, refer to relevance of the range of problems.

Straight leg elevation to rule out pelvic injury

ObjectivePelvic x-ray is frequently used as a screening tool during initial assessment of injured patients. However routine use in the awake and alert blunt trauma patient may be questioned due to low yield. We propose a clinical tool that may avoid unnecessary imaging by examining whether the ability to straight leg raise, without pain, can rule out pelvic injury.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study with the exposure variables of ability to straight leg raise and presence of pain on doing so, and presence of pelvic fracture on x-ray as the primary outcome variable.ResultsOf the 328 participants, 35 had pelvic fractures, and of these 32 were either unable to straight leg raise, or had pain on doing so, with a sensitivity of 91.43% (95% CI: 76.94–98.2%) and a negative predictive value of 98.57% (95% CI: 95.88–99.70%). The 3 participants with a pelvic fracture who could straight leg raise with no pain, all had a GCS of less than 15, and therefore, among the sub-group of patients with GCS15, a 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value for straight leg raise with no pain to rule out pelvic fracture was demonstrated.ConclusionAmong awake, alert patients, painless straight leg raise can exclude pelvic fractures and be incorporated into initial examination during reception and resuscitation of injured patients.     

盆腔野加后程三维适形放射治疗中晚期宫颈癌临床研究

目的探讨盆腔野加后程三维适形放射治疗（3DCRT）不能手术的中晚期宫颈癌临床疗效及副反应。方法60例不能手术的Ⅱb、Ⅲ期宫颈癌患者先采用模拟机定位,盆腔野前后二野（16-18）cm×（15—17）cm对穿照射,1．8—2Gy／次,5次／周,照射剂量46—50Gy;然后采用CT模拟定位,勾画GTV（肿瘤靶区）和CTV（临床靶区）及周围敏感器官,设4—6个野等中心照射,2—2．5Gy／次,5次／周,照射剂量24—30Gy,总剂量70-78Gy。结果总有效率（CR＋PR）为91．67％（55／60）,其中CR55．0％（33／60）,PR36．67％（22／60）,SD8．33％（5／60）。1、2、3年生存率分别为93．33％（56／60）、83．30％（50／60）、76．67％（46／60）,其中3年生存率Ⅱb期84．85％（28／33）,Ⅲ期66．67％（18／27）。放疗早期反应：直肠反应发生率20％（12／60）,膀胱反应18．33％（11／60）,消化道反应26．67％（16／60）,会阴部皮肤反应21．67％（13／60）。晚期并发症：放射性结直肠炎、放射性膀胱炎发生率均为8．33％（5／60）,阴道挛缩黏连、宫腔积液均为5％（3／60）,早晚反应均为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级。结论采用盆腔野加后程三维适形放射治疗对中晚期宫颈癌有较好的局控率与生存率,毒副反应轻,患者易耐受,且操作易行,照射时间及治疗周期短,尤其适合无法进行腔内治疗患者,值得临床进一步研究、应用。     

Chiari骨盆内移截骨并加盖术治疗大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位术后效果影响因素分析

大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位一般指6岁以上的儿童,由于患儿的持续负重,髋臼、股骨头的形态发生了较大的变化,软组织也随着股骨头的逐渐上移而变形明显。自2001年采用切开复位,Chiari骨盆内移截骨并加盖术,部分患儿合并股骨近端旋转截骨相结合的联合手术方式,疗效良好,报告如下。     

骶髂关节前入路钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤17例

目的：评价骶髂关节前入路钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析骶髂关节前入路钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤17例临床效果。结果：17例中TileB型8例,C型9例,双钢板治疗5例,单钢板12例,手术时间平均3．6h（2．0-4．5h）,平均出血1800ml（800-4200m1）,14例随访平均27．4个月（6-42个月）,后环损伤平均移位16mm（4-28mm）,骨折愈合,轻度跛行3例。无感染发生。结论：骶髂关节前入路钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤能获得良好的复位和稳定的固定。     

开放复位加股骨短缩术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位的临床研究

目的探讨开放复位加股骨短缩术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位（DDH）的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本组11例（11髋）DDH患儿采用开放复位、股骨短缩术加Salter截骨术式治疗。其中男2例,女9例;左侧7例,右侧4例。患儿手术时年龄为2岁8个月～5岁3个月,平均3．5岁。按Tsnnis系统分级：Ⅲ度2例,Ⅳ度9例。术前患肢缩短1．5～3．5cm,平均2．4cm。结果患儿随访时间1～6年,平均2．8年。股骨颈前倾角术前测量30°～50°,术中皆矫正至20°左右。术前髋臼指数35°～55°,术后矫正至17°～32°。术中股骨截骨长度1．0～2．5cm,平均1．6cm。McKay评分,优7髋,良4髋。股骨头缺血性坏死1例。结论对2～6岁之间的高脱位DDH患儿,开放复位术中发现复位困难或复位后压应力大时应行股骨截骨短缩术。     

不稳定骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的 总结不稳定骨盆骨折手术治疗的临床效果.方法 回顾性研究2002年1月至2008年1月手术治疗、病历资料完整、受伤至手术时间在60 d以内,并获得随访的83例不稳定骨盆骨折患者资料.按照Tile骨盆骨折分型:B型35例,其中B1型17例,B2型11例,B3型7例;C型48例,其中C1型34例,C2型9例,C3型5例.66例患者伴有合并伤.25例伴有骶骨骨折:1区5例,2区16例,3区4例.合并髋臼骨折23例.12例患者因血流动力学不稳定而行急诊抢救.所有患者根据骨折类型及伤情分别采用单纯前环固定(17例)、单纯后环固定(29例)及前后环同时固定(37例)治疗.最终随访时采用Majeed评分和Harris评分评定疗效.本组患者受伤至手术时间平均12.0 d(0～51 d).结果 1例患者在住院期间死亡,其余82例患者术后获平均3.3年(1.0～7.1年)随访.术后82例患者Majeed评分平均87.5分(51～100分),其中优54例,良22例,可4例,差2例,优良率为92.7%;Harris评分平均91.1分(50～100分),其中优59例,良17例,可1例,差5例,优良率为92.7%.合并髋臼骨折行手术治疗的17例患者,14例效果优良.19例腰骶丛神经损伤患者,11例基本恢复,5例不完全恢复,3例无恢复.医源性神经损伤10例,9例完全恢复,1例不全恢复,仍残存足踝背伸力弱.3例发生内固定失效. 结论 手术治疗不稳定骨盆骨折可获得良好疗效,合并严重腰骶丛神经损伤、固定失效及合并髋臼骨折会影响最终疗效.     

选择性动脉造影与栓塞在血流动力学不稳定骨盆骨折诊治中的应用

目的 探讨选择性动脉造影与栓塞在诊治骨盆骨折伴血流动力学不稳定患者中的应用.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2008年12月收治的62例骨盆骨折伴动脉损伤患者资料,骨折采用AO分型:A2型2例;B1型6例,B2型9例,B3型8例;C1型16例,C2型13例,C3型8例.其中开放性损伤6例(Gustilo分型:Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型5例).多发伤患者46例,12例发生休克.62例患者在积极补液及应用血管活性药物的同时进行动脉造影检查,其中59例患者行栓塞治疗. 结果 62例患者行动脉造影79次,其中行2次以上动脉造影患者12例.损伤动脉由多至少依次为臀上动脉、髂腰动脉、骶外侧动脉、闭孔动脉、臀下动脉、阴部内动脉以及髂内动脉和髂外动脉的主干.32例患者伴有两条以上动脉(分支)损伤.59例行骨盆内动脉损伤栓塞治疗的患者中,56例有效.7例患者因腹腔脏器严重损伤抢救无效而死亡,10例失访,45例患者术后获6～52个月(平均14个月)随访.11例患者患侧臀部肌肉力量较健侧弱,未见其他明显并发症.12例多次行选择性动脉造影与(或)栓塞治疗的患者均获随访,其中2例发生患侧臀部肌肉力量减弱. 结论 选择性动脉造影与栓塞是诊治骨盆骨折患者动脉损伤的有效措施.对于多发动脉损伤或延迟动脉损伤的患者,重复性动脉造影和栓塞治疗是必要且安全有效的.