血液标志物与胰腺外炎症CT评分对急性胰腺炎严重性早期预测的比较

目的:比较血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分(extrapancreatic inflammation on CT score,EPIC)对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)严重性的早期预测价值.方法:对2010-09/2011-09住院的96例AP患者首个24h内的临床、实验室及CT资料进行分析.临床上重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的标准为:死亡或持续器官衰竭及/或入住ICU,及/或手术治疗.对重症急性胰腺炎组及轻症急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)组患者血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分进行t检验,血液标志物及EPIC预测AP严重性的相关性检验及预测AP严重性的ROC分析,并计算预测敏感性、阳性预测值及准确度.结果:MAP76例,SAP20例.重症患者的血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分均明显较轻症患者的大[白细胞:(15.16±5.06)×109/Lvs(11.05±1.76)×109/L,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值:18.95±12.13vs6.63±3.44,高敏C-反应蛋白:58.35mg/L±20.47mg/Lvs28.59mg/L±12.92mg/L,D-二聚体:1596.95μg/L±1409.05μg/Lvs412.52μg/L±316.66μg/L,胰腺外炎症CT评分:3.30±0.86vs1.50±0.96,P=0.000].白细胞、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体及胰腺外炎症CT评分与AP严重性的Spearman相关系数(rs)分别为0.419、0.571、0.568、0.434及0.61(P=0.000).白细胞、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体及胰腺外炎症CT评分对AP严重性预测的曲线下面积分别为0.798(0.670-0.925)、0.906(0.830-0.981)、0.904(0.838-0.970)、0.808(0.638-0.938)以及0.917(0.851-0.983);预测敏感性分别为70.00%、85.00%、85.00%、75.00%及85.00%;阳性预测值分别为58.33%、73.91%、51.52%、48.39%及72.00%;预测准确度分别为83.33%、90.63%、80.21%、78.13%及90.63%.结论:白细胞及D-二聚体对AP严重性的预测价值中等,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白及胰腺外炎症CT评分的预测价值较高,其中中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和胰腺外炎症CT评分预测的准确度最高,胰腺外炎症CT评分与AP严重性的相关系数最大,其预测AP严重性的受试者曲线下面积最大.     

Comparison of Cystatin C,Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance vs. GFR for Detection of Renal Failure in Renal Transplant Patients

Background: Serum cystatin C (Scyst) has been suggested as an alternative index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and could be useful in renal transplant patients. Methods: In a 60‐subject cohort (40 ± 12 years old), we compared the simultaneous measurements of Scyst, serum creatinine (Screat), creatinine clearance (Ccreat), Cockcroft and Gault's estimated clearance (Ccg) and GFR measured using inulin clearance (Cin). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed using two Cin cut‐off (60 and 90 mL/min/1.73 m²). Results: A significant correlation was found among Cin on one hand and 1/Scyst, Ccreat, 1/Screat and Ccg on the other hand. Best fits (sensitivity/specificity) at 90 mL/min/1.73 m² were 1.18 mg/L (0.72/0.80) for Scyst, 1.32 mg/dL (0.67/0.90) for Screat, 77 mL/min (0.80/0.70) for Ccg and 104 mL/min (0.88/0.80) for Ccreat. The areas under the ROC curves were not significantly different. Conclusions: This study provides cut‐off values for Screat and Ccg for detection of renal failure in renal transplant patients. However, the results also suggest that Scyst is not a more sensitive marker than Screat or Ccg for detecting renal failure in renal transplant patients.     

造血干细胞标志物CD74在大鼠肝干细胞中的表达

目的检测与分析大鼠肝干细胞（HSC）标志物,为分离和鉴定HSC提供可能的新方法。方法采用胶原酶灌流法与密度梯度离心法分离正常SD大鼠HSC,利用倒置相差显微镜、逆转录PCR和免疫组织化学法等技术,观察HSC标志物白蛋白、CK19、Oval-6、CD90和成熟肝细胞标志物酪氨酸氨基转移酶（TAT）及造血干细胞标志物CD45和CD74在HSC中的表达情况。结果正常SD大鼠分离培养的HSC在倒置相差显微镜下呈卵圆形,具有较高的核浆比率。逆转录PCR分析显示,该细胞表达白蛋白、CK19、CD90和CD74基因,不表达TAT和CD45。细胞免疫组织化学法检测结果证实HSC表达Oval-6和CD74。结论 CD74有可能成为分离和鉴定HSC的新标志物之一。     

Blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration as a predictive marker for infections in severe trauma: comparison with various inflammation parameters

Objective To assess in patients with multiple trauma the relevance of the following as predictive markers for infections: the inflammation parameters white blood count, body temperature, blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration; blood levels of C-reactive protein, PMN elastase, procalcitonin, neopterin, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, malondialdehyde, total antioxidative status; the stress parameters cortisol and lactate.Design Prospective observational cohort study.Setting Intensive Care Unit of a university surgical department.Patients Twenty-six patients with multiple trauma of differing severity.Measurements and results Trauma severity was estimated by the ISS. PMN migration upon F-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation was determined in fresh whole blood in a ready-for-use, one-way membrane filter assay and evaluated by automated image analysis. The other parameters were measured with commercially available tests. During hospitalization, nine patients developed infections, and 17 patients were free of infection. PMN migration below a critical minimum preceded infections in eight of the infected, but occurred in only three of the non-infected patients (positive/negative predictive values 0.72/0.93; sensitivity/specificity 0.88/0.82; likelihood ratio 5.0). Fever (38.0 °C) had predictive values of 0.83/0.80 and a high likelihood ratio of 9.4, but a low sensitivity/specificity of 0.55/0.94. The other parameters were without significance. Procalcitonin, elastase, C-reactive protein, neopterin and lactate correlated positively with the injury severity score.Conclusion PMN migration proved to be a highly sensitive predictive marker for infections. The whole-blood PMN migration test may facilitate early aggressive antimicrobial therapy.Coauthors are listed in alphabetical order     

Molecular markers for urothelial bladder cancer prognosis: Toward implementation in clinical practice

ObjectivesTo summarize the current status of clinicopathological and molecular markers for the prediction of recurrence or progression or both in non–muscle-invasive and survival in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer, to address the reproducibility of pathology and molecular markers, and to provide directions toward implementation of molecular markers in future clinical decision making.Methods and materialsImmunohistochemistry, gene signatures, and FGFR3-based molecular grading were used as molecular examples focussing on prognostics and issues related to robustness of pathological and molecular assays.ResultsThe role of molecular markers to predict recurrence is limited, as clinical variables are currently more important. The prediction of progression and survival using molecular markers holds considerable promise. Despite a plethora of prognostic (clinical and molecular) marker studies, reproducibility of pathology and molecular assays has been understudied, and lack of reproducibility is probably the main reason that individual prediction of disease outcome is currently not reliable.ConclusionsMolecular markers are promising to predict progression and survival, but not recurrence. However, none of these are used in the daily clinical routine because of reproducibility issues. Future studies should focus on reproducibility of marker assessment and consistency of study results by incorporating scoring systems to reduce heterogeneity of reporting. This may ultimately lead to incorporation of molecular markers in clinical practice.     

乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物EIA测定与定量定性PCR测定结果的比较

目的:探讨乙肝病毒血清标志物EIA测定法与定量定性PCR测定结果的关系。方法:从临床标本筛选300例HBsAg阳性血清,100例HBsAg阴性血清,50例抗HBs阳性血清,并采用定量定性PCR方法对其分别进行检测。结果:HBsAg阳性血清定性PCR阳性率为29.3％,定量PCR阳性率为56.0％,HBsAg阴性血清定性PCR阳性率为2.0％,定量PCR阳性率为8.0％,抗HBs阳性血清定性PCR阳性率为2.0％,定量PCR阳性率为12.0％。结论:PCR检测乙肝病毒的方法比血清标志物EIA法有更高的临床检出率,定量PCR比定性PCR有更高的临床检出率。     

应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术分析SEB染毒小鼠血清蛋白质组学变化

目的:把蛋白质芯片和SELDI质谱技术应用于金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B(staphylococcal enterotoxin B,SEB)染毒小鼠血清蛋白质组研究,分析染毒小鼠血清蛋白质组的变化．方法:采用表面增强激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术和弱阳离子交换蛋白质芯片检测染毒小鼠血清蛋白质的变化,使用PBSⅡ-C 型蛋白质芯片阅读机读取数据,获得的结果采用Ciphergen公司的Biomarker wizard和 Biomarker Patterns System软件进行分析．结果:实验组与对照组血清蛋白质谱相比有 11个蛋白质有显著差异,其中8个蛋白质表达上调,3个表达下调．结论:SEB染毒小鼠血清蛋白质组发生显著变化,可能与SEB的毒理学与病理学作用有密切关系．     

肺癌干细胞标志物的研究现状

肺癌具有高度异质性,能够抵抗化疗药物治疗,5年生存率小于15%。尽管我们关于肺癌的知识在不断增多,但仍很难确定肺癌的异质性和耐药性的发病基础。肿瘤干细胞模型近年来吸引了很多注意力,通过这种模型可以解释各种肿瘤的异质性、耐药性、休眠、复发和转移。肿瘤干细胞理论较少涉及肺癌研究。本文综述了肺癌干细胞的鉴定方法,包括其细胞表面标志物和生物学特征,还讨论了肺癌干细胞与肺癌预后的关系,从而为消灭肺癌干细胞、攻克肺癌提供理论依据。     

First assessment of classical swine fever marker vaccine candidate CP7_E2alf for oral immunization of wild boar under field conditions

Oral vaccination against classical swine fever (CSF) is a potent tool to control disease outbreaks in wild boar. So far, vaccination campaigns have been carried out using live attenuated vaccines that do not allow serological differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Although this drawback is acceptable for wild boar, the use of marker vaccines would facilitate studies on disease and vaccination dynamics. Recently, the CSF marker vaccine candidate CP7_E2alf was assessed for oral immunization under laboratory conditions. Promising results prompted efforts to study the vaccine candidate under field conditions and in bait formulation. In this context, two oral vaccination campaigns were carried out with CP7_E2alf bait vaccines in two areas called ‘faunistic-hunting farms’ in the region of Umbria, Italy. One campaign was conducted using single vaccination, the second with the routinely employed double vaccination strategy. Both campaigns were carried out before concerted hunting actions were performed. Bait uptake, vaccine virus detection and antibody responses were assessed along with inspections upon gutting. As a comparator, seven wild boar were hand-fed with baits under laboratory conditions. In the field, bait uptake ranged from 63.7% to 98.7%, whereas antibody prevalence reached only 33.3–35.1%. The marker serology showed a strong influence of sample quality on the test outcome with a total of 85% of samples being classified correctly. Vaccine virus was not detectable. Under hand feeding conditions, six out of seven wild boar took up at least one bait, and five of them showed detectable antibody levels seven weeks after vaccination. These results were supplemented by stability tests. Appropriate stability of vaccine virus was shown both under field and laboratory conditions. In total, most results were in line with our expectations. However, optimization of the DIVA assay has to be attempted in the future.