化学染发剂和冷烫精的毒性及对人体健康影响的调查研究

本文通过化学染发剂和冷烫精对大白鼠骨髓多染红细胞，毛囊细胞的微核实验及人群健康影响调查，结果表明化学染发剂，冷烫清具有较强致突变作用，两者同时使用致突变明显增强，并提出研制高效无毒染发剂和加强防护的重要性。     

Health insurance and private providers: A study of the civil servants' medical benefit scheme in bangkok,Thailand

Compulsory health insurance schemes have received attention recently as a means of creating a reliable extra-budgetary source of health care funding. Yet, the full implications of such schemes in a developing country context are unclear; in particular, the impact on and relationship with private sector providers has infrequently been explored. This study examines patterns of public and private sector utilization under the Civil Servants' Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS) in Bangkok, Thailand. The CSMBS currently provides limited reimbursement for private inpatient care, but recent proposals suggest increasing benefit levels for care sought in the private sector. The study shows that despite high level of cost recovery in the public sector, charges were much lower than those in the private sector. Different patterns of diagnosis in the two sectors were found with private hospitals tending to treat a less complex case mix. Within the private sector, there was a limited tendency to specialize in certain types of care. It is concluded that under the current payment mechanism of fee-for-service reimbursement, measures to enhance access to private sector care should be approached with caution. In the long run, the scheme should merge with the recently established social security scheme.     

医疗卫生服务价格改革方向初探

医疗卫生服务价格改革是要理顺价格构成成份之间量的关系，使每个构成成份的价格值都在供求关系的约束中，在政府的有效管制中，从而成为医疗卫生资源合理配置的有效工具。为此：①对生产要素分别定价；②对劳动定价；③对资本和自然资源定价；④确定医疗卫生机构内部管理时劳动价格；⑤价格中的所有构成成份价格都置于供给和需求关系约束下；⑥确定医疗卫生服务价格的理想传递方式。     

Internet tools in the medical classroom

Summary: The Internet contains a vast amount of medically relevant information. In order to access this information, however, many networks require one to master applications written in UNIX, an operating system considered by many not to be user friendly. Although these tools may be available on the campus, it is difficult to teach their use unless there is some immediate benefit to the already busy user. From that standpoint, it is important for instructors to realize that common UNIX applications can be utilized as classroom tools to significantly enhance the learning experience by facilitating teacher/student communication. Also, whilst the student enjoys greater communication with the instructor (and with other students) he/she is also becoming adept at using information management tools.     

农村健康保险的精算体系

本文提出了我国农村健康保险的精算体系和测算保险费、管理费、储备金、预防保健费、保险因子、增加系数、医药费及其补偿比的实用方法。     

Cognitive processes involved in the appraisal of stress

Four experiments were organized around a central question: What is the form of relationship between estimated stress level on the one hand and situation strain, personal resources and social support, on the other? The first experiment examined the form of the relationship between estimated level of stress, situation strain and personal resources. The participants were students. They integrated situation strain and personal resources information in a non‐additive way. In particular, the effect of personal resources on the estimated level of stress varied as a function of the level of situation strain considered. When the situation strain was low, the stress level related with this circumstance largely depended on the personal resources of the individual. When the situation strain was high, the stress level related with this circumstance was much less dependent on the personal resources of the individual. The second experiment replicated these results among first‐aid workers, fire‐fighters and persons that had recently been injured. The third and fourth experiments replicated these results in various conditions differing as regards the level of social support. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.