低渗透砂岩石油渗流的微观模拟实验研究

采用天然低渗透砂岩微观模型,通过与实际地质状况较为相似条件下的油驱水实验,模拟石油在低渗透砂岩孔隙内的渗流,分析和探讨了低渗透砂岩孔隙介质中石油的微观渗流机理.研究结果表明,石油在低渗透砂岩中渗流路径曲折复杂,运移渗流模式有稳定式、指进式和优势式3种;石油在低渗透砂岩中渗流存在启动压力梯度,启动压力梯度与砂岩孔隙度关系复杂,而与砂岩渗透率有很好的相关性;石油的渗流速度与驱替压力呈很好的相关性,石油以相同速度在不同渗透率级别的砂岩内渗流时所需要的驱替压力随砂岩渗透率的增大而降低.     

小波域声呐图像自适应增强

声呐图像受噪声污染严重、对比度低,给后期的定位识别带来不便,而传统的处理方法容易造成边缘模糊.针对这一问题,提出了一种图像自适应增强算法.该算法利用形态小波对声呐图像进行自适应的多分辨率分析,分别增强不同尺度上的信号或细节,通过多通道重构图像的加权实现去噪和对比度提高.仿真结果表明该算法快速有效,对高斯噪声和冲击性噪声都具有较好的鲁棒性,处理后的声呐图像边缘细节信息保留完好,得到了理想的增强效果.     

一种面向跨项目软件缺陷预测的特征过滤与实例迁移框架

在跨项目软件缺陷预测中,源项目与目标项目的特征关联度与实例分布差异性是影响预测模型性能的主要因素。本文从特征过滤与实例迁移2个角度出发,提出一种跨项目软件缺陷预测框架KCF-KMM(K-medoids Cluster Filtering- Kernel Mean Matching)。在特征过滤阶段,该方法基于K-medoids聚类算法来筛选特征子集,过滤与目标项目关联度低的特征。在实例迁移阶段,通过KMM算法计算源项目与目标项目实例间的分布差异度,以此分配每个训练实例的影响权重。最后,结合目标项目中少量有标注数据建立混合缺陷预测模型。为了验证KCF-KMM的有效性,本文从准确率和F1值的角度出发,分别与经典的跨项目软件缺陷预测方法TCA+、TNB和NNFilter相比,KCF-KMM的预测性能在Apache数据集上可以分别提升34.1%、0.8%、21.1%和14.4%、3.7%、10.6%。     

Progress on the hydraulic measures for grid slotting and fracking to enhance coal seam permeability

A method of hydraulic grid slotting and hydraulic fracturing was proposed to enhance the permeability of low permeability coal seam in China. Micro-structural development and strength characteristics of coal were analysed to set up the failure criterion of coal containing water and gas, which could describe the destruction rule of coal containing gas under the hydraulic measures more accurately. Based on the theory of transient flow and fluid grid, the numerical calculation model of turbulence formed by high pressure oscillating water jet was used. With the high speed photography test, dynamic evolution and pulsation characteristics of water jet water analysed which laid a foundation for mechanism analysis of rock damage under water jet. Wave equation of oscillating water jet slotting was established and the mechanism of coal damage by the impact stress wave under oscillation jet was revealed. These provide a new method to study the mechanism of porosity and crack damage under high pressure jet.Fracture criterion by jet slotting was established and mechanism of crack development controlled by crack zone between slots was found. The fractures were induced to extend along pre-set direction,instead of being controlled by original stress field. The model of gas migration through coal seams after the hydraulic measures for grid slotting and fracking was established. The key technology and equipment for grid slotting and fracking with high-pressure oscillating jet were developed and applied to coal mines in Chongqing and Henan in China. The results show that the gas permeability of coal seam is enhanced by three orders of magnitude, efficiency of roadway excavation and mining is improved by more than 57%and the cost of gas control is reduced by 50%.     

Study of speech enhancement in the background of ship-radiated noise

Spectral subtraction is wildly used in speech enhancement. But it is not always available in the ship working environment because of the fact that it is hard to discriminate the speech duration with the ship noise. So, in this paper, we propose a new approach, which first computes the frequency spectrum similarity and then discriminates the signal segments into speech or noise roughly. And then by the frame shifting method, we achieve a high discrimination precision. Finally, the improved algorithm is benchmarked on a large measured data and experimental results show that the proposed method can be used in various ship-radiated noise environments. The discrimination accuracy is 98％ for ship-radiated noise and 96％ for speech.     

一种估算储气库含气饱和度的方法

针对B储气库运行10年尚未达到设计能力的事实,设计室内实验获得气水两相相对渗透率曲线,应用产量不稳定分析方法获得井控储层参数,计算井控储层气水两相的相对渗透率,用图解法计算井控储层的平均含气饱和度。分析采气井生产动态,发现水气比和含气饱和度在全库中的变化趋势具有一致性,从而验证了平均含气饱和度计算方法的可靠性。     

纳米流体在内置扭带管的传热数值模拟

为了对比纳米流体在内置扭带管中的强化传热效果,建立了以Cu-水纳米流体和水为传热介质的内置扭带强化换热管的管式换热器物理模型,采用RNG k-ε进行数值模拟研究,并与实验结果对比,得到了内置扭带换热管流体流动的速度、温度、湍流强度场的分布规律及特性。比较了两种质量分数的纳米流体与水在六种不同扭转比的扭带换热管中和两种不同材质的内置扭带分别对强化传热的影响。结果表明,以Cu-水纳米流体为工质的内置扭带管的换热效果明显优于纯水;质量分数为0.8%的Cu-水纳米流体换热效果优于0.5%的Cu-水纳米流体,扭转比越小,则换热效果越好,质量分数为0.5%的Cu-水纳米流体在扭转比为2.5的内置扭带管中相对于水在光管的强化幅度为0.51;铜制扭带的换热效果优于铝制扭带。     

液态CO2相变致裂强化瓦斯预抽试验研究

针对单一低透气性煤层瓦斯含量高、预抽效果不理想的情况,采用液态CO2相变致裂技术,在穿层钻孔中利用瞬间产生的高压CO2气体冲击煤体,产生大量裂隙并促使裂隙发育、扩展,以达到提高煤层透气性的目的.在河南焦煤能源有限公司九里山16051底抽巷进行的试验表明:液态CO2相变致裂技术可有效提高瓦斯抽采效果,试验后平均抽采流量0.057 m3/min,是试验前平均流量的4.3倍,是相同抽采时间内水力冲孔措施平均抽采流量的2.3倍;抽采体积分数也有所提升;在试验考察期内流量衰减系数降低到0.046 d-1,增透效果显著.     

Comparative analysis of different methods for image enhancement

Image enhancement technology plays a very important role to improve image quality in image processing. By enhancing some information and restraining other information selectively, it can improve image visual effect. The objective of this work is to implement the image enhancement to gray scale images using different techniques. After the fundamental methods of image enhancement processing are demonstrated, image enhancement algorithms based on space and frequency domains are systematically investigated and compared. The advantage and defect of the above-mentioned algorithms are analyzed. The algorithms of wavelet based image enhancement are also deduced and generalized. Wavelet transform modulus maxima（WTMM） is a method for detecting the fractal dimension of a signal, it is well used for image enhancement. The image techniques are compared by using the mean（μ）,standard deviation（？）, mean square error（MSE） and PSNR（peak signal to noise ratio）. A group of experimental results demonstrate that the image enhancement algorithm based on wavelet transform is effective for image de-noising and enhancement. Wavelet transform modulus maxima method is one of the best methods for image enhancement.     

研究生“抽象代数”开放课程的建设

分析了抽象代数课程建设中存在的一些问题,介绍了教育信息化背景下抽象代数开放课程的建设,阐述了如何将信息技术渗透到抽象代数课程的建设中。