湿法炼铜领域中的膜技术

结合典型应用实例，介绍用纳滤，反渗透，超滤，微滤，扩散渗析等膜分离解决铜溶剂萃取工艺中存在的低浓度含铜浸出液处理，水平衡控制与铜的浓缩，电解贫液处理，絮凝物等问题，并分析我国湿法炼铜工业中采用膜技术的前景。     

Surface-tailoring chlorine resistant materials and strategies for polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes

Polyamide thin film composite membranes have dominated current reverse osmosis market on account of their excellent separation performances compared to the integrally skinned counterparts. Despite their very promising separation performance, chlorine-induced degradation resulted from the susceptibility of polyamide toward chlorine attack has been regarded as the Achilles’s heel of polyamide thin film composite. The free chlorine species present during chlorine treatment can impair membrane performance through chlorination and depolymerization of the polyamide selective layer. From material point of view, a chemically stable membrane is crucial for the sustainable application of membrane separation process as it warrants a longer membrane lifespan and reduces the cost involved in membrane replacement. Various strategies, particularly those involved membrane material optimization and surface modifications, have been established to address this issue. This review discusses membrane degradation by free chlorine attack and its correlation with the surface chemistry of polyamide. The advancement in the development of chlorine resistant polyamide thin film composite membranes is reviewed based on the state-of-the-art surface modifications and tailoring approaches which include the in situ and post-fabrication membrane modifications using a broad range of functional materials. The challenges and future directions in this field are also highlighted.     

浅析有色金属冶炼企业废水深度处理技术

介绍了三家有色金属冶炼企业废水处理情况、采取的工艺、处理后的废水去向,以及回用水使用情况。通过比较得出废水需分类收集、分质处理。在选择废水深度处理技术时,建议选择蒸发结晶等技术,最终使废水中固体物料要从水中开路出去,维持物料平衡,才能使回用水循环使用。     

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes

The progress in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides an effective means for the design and preparation of functional membranes. Polymeric membranes with different macromolecular architectures applied in fuel cells, including block and graft copolymers are conveniently prepared via ATRP. Moreover, ATRP has also been widely used to introduce functionality onto the membrane surface to enhance its use in specific applications, such as antifouling, stimuli-responsive, adsorption function and pervaporation. In this review, the recent design and synthesis of advanced functional membranes via the ATRP technique are discussed in detail and their especial advantages are highlighted by selected examples extract the principles for preparation or modification of membranes using the ATRP methodology.     

聚环氧琥珀酸在反渗透系统中阻垢效果的评价

以马来酸酐为原料合成了一种新型无磷、无氮环保型阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA).并利用实验室反渗透评价装置对其阻碳酸钙垢效果进行了评价,并与国外的聚丙烯酸(PAA)样品进行了阻垢效果的对比.实验证明PESA阻垢性能良好,在反渗透系统中具有广泛的应用前景.     

反渗透系统的化学清洗

通过要分析反渗透系统化学清洗前的系统情况,确定清洗方案及过程,并通过化学清洗手段使系统性能恢复。     

Preparation of high-performance reverse osmosis membrane by zwitterionic polymer coating in a facile one-step way

Aiming at preparing high-performance polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in a facile and high effective way, the codeposition strategy of dopamine and zwitterionic polymer was first applied to modify PA RO membrane. The noncovalent bonds between dopamine and Poly [2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (PSPE) act to fix PSPE onto the membrane surface and simultaneously destroy the interaction force between dopamine aggregations so that the modified layer could equably form on the PA layer. PSPE significantly improved the hydrophilicity [the water contact angle (WCA) of S-D-3 is 25.3°] of the modified membrane. And, the smoother surface was noticed on the modified membrane. All of these endow the PSPE/dopamine modified membrane superb water flux (the maximum water flux is 51.86 L m⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 1.6 MPa and 25 °C) and impressive antifouling and anti-adhesion properties to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (protein), sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic surfactant), and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (cationic surfactant) with salt retention was well maintained. Notably, in the BSA fouling test, nearly 100% of the flux recovery ratio was achieved. This method is promising to be employed in industrial scale-up production. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48355.     

安钢永通铸管公司380m3高炉循环水处理技术改造

针对安钢永通铸管公司380m3高炉冷却系统存在的风口烧穿、热风阀烧坏、冷却壁结垢堵塞严重及个别模块烧毁等问题进行了分析,介绍了循环冷却系统完善、处理方案和相应的改进措施,以及改造后的运行效果.     

反渗透专用阻垢剂性能的动态评价方法

综述了近年来反渗透专用阻垢剂的动态评价方法,包括给水一次通过法、全循环法、部分循环法、间歇循环法。从运行过程中溶液浓度的变化、化学药品的消耗量、模拟停留时间、结垢的种类等几方面对这4种评价方法进行了分析和比较,总结了各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,为人们选择和开发合适的阻垢剂评价方法提供了可靠的依据。     

基于吸附-扩散模型和遗传算法的反渗透膜性能预测

基于反渗透膜的吸附-扩散模型,导出了多孔膜对溶质的浓缩比表达式和组件的溶质平均脱除率。采用遗传算法对膜的性能进行了数学模拟,计算出了氯化钠对ESPA2反渗透膜的膜相溶质分配系数、溶质的膜相扩散系数、溶剂(水)的膜相扩散系数、膜的孔隙率和膜分离层厚度,计算得到的膜分离层厚度和膜相中水扩散系数等参数与芳香聚酰胺复合膜的测定值相吻合,其中,氯化钠透过率的均方差在10-7～10-6之间。