MBR/RO工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

采用外置式膜生物反应器(MBR)/反渗透(RO)工艺对成都长安垃圾填埋场的渗滤液进行处理,设计处理规模为1300m3/d,出水水质满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008)中一般地区对渗滤液出水水质的要求。     

反渗透膜元件的性能指标与测试条件评析

明确了反渗透膜元件中以特定给水压为主要特征的产水量、脱盐率及膜压降三项指标与以特定产水量为主要特征的给水压、脱盐率及膜压降三项指标的差异。分析了两类性能指标的相关性与实用性,强调了以特定产水量为主要特征三项指标的独立性能及所具有的技术优势。     

反渗透膜用于中水回用时的污染和化学清洗

介绍了反渗透膜用于中水回用时的污染原因及化学清洗过程,采用酸洗与碱洗相结合的清洗方式能够较好地恢复反渗透膜的性能。对于深度污染的膜,通过延长循环和浸泡时间,以及添加剥离分散剂能提高反渗透膜的通量。     

污水深度回用装置反渗透膜的污染及化学清洗

结合水处理中常见的污染物种类,介绍了污水深度回用装置的反渗透膜污染情况及合理的化学清洗方案。     

膨润土对水中聚丙烯酰胺的吸附行为研究

为了降低聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对反渗透膜的影响,采用膨润土对水中的PAM进行吸附处理。试验研究了膨润土和非离子聚丙烯酰胺的质量比为10∶1的情况下,PAM在膨润土上的吸附行为,探讨了吸附时间、温度、pH值对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:在温度为30℃,pH9,吸附时间为1 h的条件下,0.1 g膨润土对100mg/L PAM的吸附量为59 mg/g,其吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和HO准二级动力学方程式。吸附焓变ΔH为23.62 kJ/mol,该吸附过程是吸热的自发过程。     

关于反渗透纯水机存在合理性的分析

针对市面上的反渗透纯水机提出了一些自己的看法,通过几方面的系统分析认为纯水机存在是具有一定社会背景和市场需求的,具有一定的合理性,从而满足人们的用水需求。     

Evaluating the impacts of membrane type, coating, fouling, chemical properties and water chemistry on reverse osmosis rejection of seven nitrosoalklyamines, including NDMA

Reverse osmosis (RO) treatment has been found to be effective for a wide range of organics but generally small, polar, uncharged molecules such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) can be poorly rejected. The rejection of seven N-nitrosoalkylamines with molecular masses in the range of 78-158Da, including NDMA, N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyr), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip) by three commercial brackish-water reverse osmosis membranes was studied in flat-sheet cells under cross-flow conditions. The membranes used were ESPA3 (Hydranautics), LFC3 (Hydranautics) and BW-30 (Dow/Filmtec), commonly used in water reuse applications. The effects of varying ionic strength and pH, dip-coating membranes with PEBAX 1657, a hydrophilic polymer, and artificial fouling with alginate on nitrosamine rejection were quantified. Rejection in deionized (DI) water increased with molecular mass from 56 to 70% for NDMA, to 80-91% for NMEA, 89-97% for NPyr, 92-98% for NDEA, and to beyond the detection limits for NPip, NDPA and NDBA. For the nitrosamines with quantifiable transmission, linear correlations (r(2)>0.97) were found between the number of methyl groups and the log(transmission), with factor 0.35 to 0.55 decreases in transmission per added methyl group. A PEBAX coating lowered the ESPA3 rejection of NDMA by 11% but increased the LFC3 and BW30 rejection by 6% and 15%, respectively. Artificially fouling ESPA3 membrane coupons with 170g/m(2) alginate decreased the rejection of NDMA by 18%. A feed concentration of 100mM NaCl decreased rejection of NDMA by 15% and acidifying the DI water feed to pH=3 decreased the rejection by 5%, whereas increasing the pH to 10 did not have a significant (p<0.05) effect.     

超滤膜和反渗透膜在净水机中的应用分析

对比了超滤净水机和反渗透净水机的区别,重点分析了两类净水机在不同水质下的实际应用效果,根据实验数据,总结出两类净水机的优长与不足,并给出了相关建议。     

Lemon Juice Aroma Concentration by Reverse Osmosis

Ethanol, a major component of lemon juice, was analyzed to indicate degree of lemon juice aroma concentration. Aroma solution was concentrated from 12.2 to 23.4% ethanol at 8.3 MPa and 19°C by reverse osmosis. Ethanol rejected by the membrane decreased from the initial 87.7% to 78% at the final aroma concentration of 23.4% ethanol. Membrane rejection of neral, geranial, and terpinene-4-ol was > 96% while rejection of the alcohols, n-propanol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, ranged from 6.9% to 83.5%. Sensory analysis indicated no difference between initial aroma and aroma concentrated by reverse osmosis. Mass balance determined the true recovery of total volatiles was 79.7%. Loss of volatiles was attributed to adsorption in the polymeric matrix of the membrane and some loss was attributed to cleaning.     

大掺量矿渣微粉提高混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的研究

本文首先对矿渣微粉提高混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的物理化学机理进行了分析，采用ASTMC1202导电量法与显色法相结合，对大掺量磨细矿粉混凝土内氯离子的渗透特性进行了试验研究，发现磨细矿粉是混凝土水化密实和固化氯离子的物质基础。研究表明，大掺量磨细矿粉混凝土内氯离子渗透性比普通混凝土大约低5倍，能有效遏止氯离子对钢筋的电化学腐蚀，可以成倍地延缓钢筋锈蚀的时间，从而有效抗海水腐蚀。