基于拟三元等温图对宁东粉煤灰高温熔融流动特性的研究

在气流床气化炉的实际运行中,经常需要寻求最优的进料煤调配方案以调控煤灰的熔融流动特性。借助SiO₂-Al₂O₃-AAEM(CaO+MgO+Na₂O+K₂O)拟三元等温图,分析了不同组成的宁东煤灰熔融特性,并结合X-射线衍射(XRD)探究了灰在熔化过程中的矿物质转化规律。发现熔融温度在拟三元等温图中呈现U型分布。当SiO₂、Al₂O₃和AAEM质量分数分别为37.5%、25.0%和37.5%时,灰的熔融温度达到最低,流动温度比宁东煤灰降低40 ℃。对灰熔化过程中矿物质转化分析发现,熔化过程中石英与氧化钙会发生矿物质转化反应生成低熔点的钙黄长石和长石,对其熔化具有明显的促进作用;对灰熔化后形成液态熔渣的黏-温特性曲线分析发现,该比例下灰样品同时具有最低的临界黏性温度(T_CV=1107 ℃)和最低的黏性流动活化能(E_a=282.86 kJ/mol),可有效降低气化炉的操作温度。研究表明,拟三元等温图对于气化原料配煤方案可起到一定的指导作用。     

粉煤灰制备吸附剂捕集CO2的研究

利用粉煤灰为原料,制备2大类可用于烟气中CO₂捕集的吸附剂。一类是沸石分子筛类吸附剂,利用水热合成法得到A型、X型等沸石分子筛吸附剂。一类是利用粉煤灰制备出适合的多孔载体,使用浸渍法得到固态胺类吸附剂。沸石分子筛对于CO₂主要是物理吸附,吸附容量169~223 mg/g,固态胺吸附剂是利用胺基与CO₂结合介于物理与化学吸附之间,吸附容量108~189 mg/g。实现将粉煤灰以废治废,即可以缓解粉煤灰对环境的影响,也能够实现碳减排,对社会和经济协调发展有利。     

石英砂岩骨料碱活性抑制试验研究

在某水电工程对混凝土骨料料源的选择阶段,初步选定的1#料场石英砂岩骨料被鉴定为具有潜在危害性的碱-硅酸反应(ASR)活性的可疑骨料。通过抑制骨料碱活性效能试验表明,采用低碱水泥取代高碱水泥,或掺一定比例掺合料于高碱水泥中,对骨料的ASR反应都有一定的抑制效果[1],并对几种方法的抑制效果进行了对比分析。研究成果可为其他类似工程提供参考。     

The Study of Otsu Algorithm Applied in the Measuring of Ash Proportion

To further improve the boiler ash ratio detection methods and resource utilization, through image processing technology for boiler ash ratio analysis, the article first studied the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, and then for the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, in order to improve the accuracy of the algorithm, then it puts forward a two-dimensional Otsu algorithm. Finally the two-dimensional Otsu algorithm combined with the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm and the improved Otsu algorithm. By analyzing the improved Otsu algorithm, this paper considers the pixel gray value, neighborhood information, excluding light, noise and the relative efficiency of one-dimensional Otsu algorithm higher accuracy. The relative dimensional Otsu algorithm operating efficiency has been greatly improved. Improved Otsu algorithm in dealing with boiler ash ratio detection has played a very good part in the ecological environment, economic development and some other important aspects.     

肉豆蔻酸/改性粉煤灰复合相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

以肉豆蔻酸(MA)为相变储能基材、改性粉煤灰为复合基底,采用熔融混合法制备了肉豆蔻酸/改性粉煤灰复合相变储能材料。利用TG/DTA与IR分析研究了复合相变储能材料的热性能与结构。结果表明:MA可均匀地嵌入改性粉煤灰的多孔结构中。经过400次储放热循环后,其相变温度和相变焓变化都不大,表现出较好的储热稳定性,有望在储能方面得到实际的应用。     

An improved fruit fly optimization algorithm for solving the multidimensional knapsack problem

This paper presents an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFFOA) for solving the multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP). In IFFOA, the parallel search is employed to balance exploitation and exploration. To make full use of swarm intelligence, a modified harmony search algorithm (MHS) is proposed and applied to add cooperation among swarms in IFFOA. In MHS, novel pitch adjustment scheme and random selection rule are developed by considering specific characters of MKP and FOA. Moreover, a vertical crossover is designed to guide stagnant dimensions out of local optima and further improve the performance. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted and comparisons with other state-of-the-art algorithms verify that the proposed algorithm is an effective alternative for solving the MKP.     

Chemical correlates of α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) alteredMalacosoma disstria herbivory inFraxinus pennsylvanica var.Subintegerrinia,green ash

The antioxidant -tocopherol (vitamin E), applied in a basal trunk band to the green ash tree,Fraxinus pennsylvanica var.subintergerrinia, elicited an alteration of foliar feeding byMalacosoma disstria larvae (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). The bioassayed effects were dependent on the dosage of elicitor, the time after elicitation, and the position in the tree. Leaves for chemical analysis were collected from trees receiving two dosages and at two intervals after elicitation. Compounds in the ethyl acetate extractables from the ash tree leaves were separated by TLC and HPLC. TLC separations showed differences in the nonhydrolyzed extractables attributable to elicitor dosage and time after elicitation. TLC-resolved differences were also evident among acid-hydrolyzed samples. HPLC-resolved profiles revealed eight peaks in the nonhydrolyzed extractables that were quantitatively negatively correlated with larval feeding preference between elicited versus control foliage on at least one of the two sampling dates. Results from this study and other investigations reported in the literature indicate that the antioxidant-tocopherol (vitamin E) can function as an environmental-stress elicitor of alterable defensive chemistry in green ash and other plants.     

Quantitative analysis of pheromone production in irradiated Caribbean fruit fly males,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)

Pheromonal volatiles emitted by irradiated and control 5- to 11-day-old Caribbean fruit flies,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), were collected on Tenax adsorbent filters and quantified by gas chromatography (GC). The components released were identified by comparison of retention times on GC and by mass spectrometry (MS) with authentic synthetic standards. Pharate adults were irradiated with gamma rays from a⁶⁰Co source at a dose rate of 10.3 Gray (Gy)/min. The total dosages given were 30, 50, 70, and 100 Gy. Pheromone volatiles were collected from adult males when they were between 5 and 11 days of age. The compounds quantified were (Z)-3-nonenol and (Z, Z)-3,6-nonadienol, which eluted from the GC column together and were quantified as one peak,-bisabolene, suspensolide, anastrephin, and epianastrephin. Irradiation with 30 Gy did not significantly reduce any pheromonal components, nor did it change the pheromonal blend. In contrast, suspensolide and bisabolene were significantly reduced in flies irradiated with 50 Gy, while the nonenols and epianastrephin were reduced at the 70-Gy dose. Irradiation with the 100-Gy dose reduced all components with the exception of suspensolide.University of Florida Agric. Exper. Sta. Journal Series No.R-03156.     

Solidification of electroplating sludge using alkali-activated pulverized fuel ash as cementitious binder

This work investigated the potential for utilization of alkali-activated PFA as solidification binder to treat electroplating sludge. The sludge was solidified using 30 wt.% of lime and 70 wt.% of PFA. Two alkali activators, Na₂SiO₃ and Na₂CO₃, were added at 0, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%. Results showed that early strength development of lime-PFA cements with Na₂SiO₃ and Na₂CO₃ was considerably higher than those without. Addition of electroplating sludge resulted in reduced strength. The strength reduction was greater when 4% Na₂SiO₃ activator was used than when 8% Na₂CO₃ activator was used. A higher pH of Na₂SiO₃ solution (pH=13.5) compared to that of Na₂CO₃ solution (pH=11.9) resulted in resolubilization of metal hydroxides from the electroplating sludge, which competed with calcium ion for soluble silicate. In addition, Pb, Cd, and Cu were not found in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leachates. Cr, Zn, and Fe were detected and in some cases Cr exceeded U.S. EPA allowable limits.     

人工气候环境下粉煤灰混凝土微环境温度响应预计

从混凝土传热过程的基本理论出发,结合人工气候环境下粉煤灰混凝土导热系数的试验结果,研究了粉煤灰混凝土微环境温度响应规律及响应预计模型.结果表明:粉煤灰混凝土导热系数随着粉煤灰掺量的增大而逐渐降低,但随着微环境相对湿度的增大而逐渐增大,且影响规律基本服从线性关系;粉煤灰掺量的提高使混凝土内外环境温度响应速率减慢(微环境相对湿度一定);粉煤灰混凝土内微环境相对湿度(孔隙水饱和度)的增大,使粉煤灰混凝土内外环境温度响应速率加快;混凝土微环境温度与外界环境温度响应实质为传热学上的非稳态传热问题,且理论分析与试验结果吻合较好.