慢性前列腺炎症状评分及病原学分析

目的：了解慢性前列腺炎（ＣＰ）患者的症状评分（ＮＩＨ—ＣＰＳＩ）及前列腺液（ＥＰＳ）的细菌感染情况。方法：对２６１例ＣＰ患者进行症状评分及对其ＥＰＳ标本进行常规培养、淋病奈瑟菌的特殊培养和支原体、衣原体测定。结果：９６例ＥＰＳ细菌培养阳性。其中单一Ｇ＾＋菌感染４９例．单一Ｇ＾－菌感染２７例，１１例为２种细菌感染，９例为３种细菌混合感染。在２６１例中，单独支原体感染４６例，衣原体感染２１例，支原体、衣原体合并感染１１例。症状评分高者，细菌培养阳性率高。结论：ＣＢＰ的致病菌种类较多，与症状评分成正相关。     

医学微生物学"项目-导师制"实验教学改革初探

目的:探讨"项目-导师制"实验教学改革效果及其在医学微生物学实验教学中应用价值.方法:采用"项目-导师制"法对2001级学生进行医学微生物学实验教学,以无记名问卷调查和专家评议方式了解实验教学效果,以现场操作了解学生实验技能,以相对标准化试卷综合测试学生成绩,并与2000级学生医学微生物学实验教学效果、实验技能、考试成绩进行回顾性和对比分析.结果:2001级和2000级学生实验教学效果不满意、满意、很满意率分别为0%(0/180)、25.00%(45/180)、75.00%(135/180)和55.38%(72/130)、34.62%(45/130)、10.00%(13/130),差异有显著性(P＜0.01).实验技能考核及格、良好、优秀率分别为0%(0/180)、22.22%(40/180)、77.78%(140/180)和56.92%(74/130)、35.38%(46/130)、7.69%(10/130),差异有显著性(P＜0.01).综合考试成绩不及格、及格、良好、优秀率分别为0%(0/180)、17.78%(32/180)、47.22%(85/180)、35.00%(63/180)和154%(2/130)、38.46%(50/130)、52.31%(68/130)、7.69%(10/130),差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:"项目-导师制"实验教学是一种新型实验教学模式,可显著增强实验教学效果,帮助学生快速掌握实验技能,提高学生综合考试成绩,克服传统实验教学存在的一些弊端,具有应用推广价值.     

The first thousand days – intestinal microbiology of early life: establishing a symbiosis

The development of the intestinal microbiota in the first years of life is a dynamic process significantly influenced by early‐life nutrition. Pioneer bacteria colonizing the infant intestinal tract and the gradual diversification to a stable climax ecosystem plays a crucial role in establishing host–microbe interactions essential for optimal symbiosis. This colonization process and establishment of symbiosis may profoundly influence health throughout life. Recent developments in microbiologic cultivation‐independent methods allow a detailed view of the key players and factors involved in this process and may further elucidate their roles in a healthy gut and immune maturation. Aberrant patterns may lead to identifying key microbial signatures involved in developing immunologic diseases into adulthood, such as asthma and atopic diseases. The central role of early‐life nutrition in the developmental human microbiota, immunity, and metabolism offers promising strategies for prevention and treatment of such diseases. This review provides an overview of the development of the intestinal microbiota, its bidirectional relationship with the immune system, and its role in impacting health and disease, with emphasis on allergy, in early life.     

肝癌介入治疗后调整肠道菌群对肝功能及内毒素的影响作用

目的观察肝癌介入治疗后调整肠道菌群对肝功能及内毒素的影响。方法选取60例接受介入治疗的肝癌患者,通过计算机随机分组的方式将其分为试验组和对照组,每组均为30例。试验组患者接受介入治疗后服用微生态制剂,而对照组在介入治疗后给予常规处理不加服微生态制剂。观察两组患者治疗前后的谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及内毒素水平。结果两组患者治疗前的AST、ALT和内毒素水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗后试验组患者的AST低于对照组[（99.4±8.8）IU/L vs（185.7±13.6）IU/L,P〈0.05];治疗后试验组患者的ALT水平低于对照组[（104.7±8.9）IU/L vs（156.8±15.8）IU/L,P〈0.05];治疗后试验组患者的内毒素水平低于对照组[（95.8±4.8）ng/L vs（184.7±14.8）ng/L,P〈0.05）。结论肝癌介入治疗后调整肠道菌群能显著改善肝功能,减少内毒素水平,有利于患者的预后。     

临床微生物学检验标准化实验考核体系建设及应用

实验考核在临床微生物学检验教学中具有重要作用。临床微生物学检验标准化实验考核体系是公正、客观、科学考核学生学习效果、评价教学质量的重要手段。标准化实验考核体系包括实验考核组织、标准化实验考核内容、标准化实验操作、标准化监考和记录、标准化评分标准、修正和预防措施。     

Subgingival bacterial clusters and serum antibody response as markers of extent and severity of periodontitis in adult Chinese

This study evaluated the associations between clinical, microbiological, and antibody activity manifestations of periodontitis in 123 adult rural Chinese subjects with no dental intervention. All participants were registered for full‐mouth clinical attachment level (CAL) and pocket probing depth (PD) measurements, and microbial samples were taken from four sites and analyzed for 18 different bacterial species using the ‘checkerboard’. Serum from each individual was analyzed to determine the antibody activity against the same 18 species. Exploratory factor analysis disclosed two microbial factors – Factor 1, consisting of seven species associated with periodontal health (‘early colonizers’); and Factor 2, consisting of eight species associated with periodontitis (‘putative periodontopathogens’) – which explained 87% of the variation among the microbial variables. Factor 2 was consistently associated with disease‐severity measures, whereas the ‘early colonizer’ factor was not. The antibody response showed weak or no correlations with bacterial load or with disease severity. We conclude that the bacteria investigated are resident in the subgingival plaque; that their load and proportions in the pocket may be ecologically driven; and that the antibody response is based on bacterial carrier state rather than on disease. The different antibody‐response pattern found between the individuals may suggest that each individual could be classified as a good or a weak immune responder.