Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in 90 min by bacterial cell count monitoring

The rise in antimicrobial resistance has become a serious global health problem. Restrictive use of antibiotics seems the only option to temper this accession since research in new antibiotics has halted. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes rely on quick access to susceptibility data. This study evaluated the concept of bacterial cell count monitoring as a fast method to determine susceptibility. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for amoxicillin/piperacillin and gentamicin by three conventional methods (VITEK2^®, Etest^® and broth-macrodilution). Bacterial cell count monitoring reliably predicted susceptibility after 90 min for Escherichia coli and after 120 min for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus without any minor, major or very major discrepancies. Time-to-result was reduced by 74%, 83% and 76%, respectively. Bacterial cell count monitoring shows great potential for rapid susceptibility testing.     

Clustering of subgingival microbial species in adolescents with periodontitis

It has become increasingly recognized that groups of microorganisms interact within the subgingival plaque of adult subjects with periodontitis. It is much less clear, however, whether the consortia of microorganisms associated with periodontitis are different in early and more advanced cases of periodontitis. To investigate this point further, subgingival plaque was collected from six sites in 87 adolescents with periodontitis and 73 controls and the samples were analyzed for the detection of 18 microbial species using the DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Actinomyces oris accounted for the highest proportion of the flora and was more predominant among controls. Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia were present at higher levels among the subjects with periodontitis. Factor analyses identified one factor characterized by highly positive loadings for T. forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, and Treponema denticola, and another factor characterized by highly positive loadings of A. oris, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus intermedius, Selenomonas noxia, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Veillonella parvula. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans did not load on any of the two factors, while Fusobacterium nucleatum loaded on both. These findings confirm the occurrence of clustering of subgingival bacteria according to case status also among young individuals.     

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者血清细胞因子水平与病原体感染的相关性研究

目的探讨血清细胞因子与引起慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(CAP)病原体的关系。方法用ELISA法对112例CAP患者(其中CAPⅠ组80例,CAPⅡ组32例)血清进行IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、TNF-α检测, PCR法检查衣原体、支原体、病毒(HPV、HSV),同时,以20例健康男性作正常对照,并对所取得的数据进行统计学分析。结果(1)CAPⅠ组血清中的IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、TNF-α均有不同程度的升高,与CAPⅡ组和正常对照组相比差异显著(P<0．01或P<0．05),CAPⅡ组血清中IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0．05);(2)衣原体、支原体感染患者血清中的IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、TNF-α与对照组相比差异显著(P<0．01或P<0．05),痫毒感染患者血清中的IL-2、TNF-α与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0．01或P<0．05),未检出病原体患者血清中的IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0．05)。结论血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、TNF-α水平与CAP病原体间有一定的相关性,它们在CAP发生发展过程中可能起着重要作用,对CAP辅助性诊断有较大应用价值。     

G市某地水源水和管网末梢水水质检测分析

目的：了解G市某地水源水和管网末梢水的水质现状,为饮用水卫生学评价及水源保护提供参考.方法：采集G市某地水源水和管网末梢水水样,根据《生活饮用水标准检验方法》（GB/T5750-2006）,采用化学法、微生物学方法及电感耦合等离子体质谱法对水质常规项目进行检测,利用固相萃取及气相色谱-质谱法检测水样中的有机物,比较水源水和末梢水水样的合格率.结果：水源水和末梢水各检测118个水样,合格率分别为75.42％和83.90％,水源水的合格率较末梢水降低,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;水样的pH值、总硬度、硝酸盐、菌落总数、总大肠菌群、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷的检测结果均未超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）的限值,水源水中不合格的检测项目有色度、混浊度、耗氧量、硒、铅,末梢水中不合格的检测项目有耗氧量、硒、铅;水源水水样中检出10种有机物,末梢水水样中检出12种有机物,水源水水样中邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）及邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）的最高值分别为0.019 6 mg/L和0.0048 mg/L,末梢水中DEHP及DBP的最高值分别为0.018 4 mg/L和0.004 2 mg/L,均超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）中的限值要求,其余有机物检测值均低于卫生标准或检出限.结论：该地饮用水的硒、铅及有机物污染亟待改善.     

青岛地区高尿酸血症患者的肠道菌群分析

目的 观察青岛地区高尿酸血症患者肠道菌群的变化及菌群对尿酸处理能力的相关性分析.方法 收集2013年1月至2013年6月在本院内分泌门诊就诊的高尿酸血症患者30例（男28例,女2例）及同期在健康查体中心查体的健康对照组粪便标本20例（男16例,女4例）.应用细菌培养方法进行粪便菌群分析,运用酶比色法检测不同组粪便中细菌分解前后尿酸含量变化,磷钨酸法检测血尿酸水平.结果 高尿酸血症患者肠道菌群发生变化,表现为总需氧菌（7.76 ±0.67,P＜0.05）、大肠杆菌（7.58 ±0.34,P＜0.05）及拟杆菌（2.75 ±0.31,P＜0.05）增加,乳酸杆菌（2.69±1.48,P＜0.05）及双歧杆菌（5.38 ±0.34,P＜0.05）数目减少.血及粪便中尿酸含量升高（P＜0.05）,粪便菌群尿酸处理能力与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.粪便菌群尿酸分解活性主要与乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌含量呈正相关（r =0.565,0.328,P＜0.05）.结论 青岛地区高尿酸血症患者肠道菌群存在失调现象,粪便菌群尿酸处理能力与乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌含量有关.菌群失调可能参与高尿酸血症的发病过程.