颌骨肿物为始发症状的肾透明细胞癌:2例报告及文献复习

肾透明细胞癌(renal clear cell carcinoma, RCC)早期即发生远处转移,但极少转移至头颈部。本文基于2016—2018年间联勤保障部队第940医院2例以颌骨肿物为始发症的RCC病例,回顾RCC的发病特点及临床表现,分析颌骨病变的临床、影像学及病理特点,为减少误诊误治提供参考。     

黏膜下注射曲马多对下颌智齿术后疼痛的疗效

目的：评估黏膜下注射曲马多缓解下颌智齿术后疼痛的有效性。方法：选取拔除智齿的患者40例,采用随机数字表法分成实验组（A组：曲马多注射组）和对照组（B组：生理盐水注射组）。采集患者在术后1、2、6、24、48 h由视觉模拟疼痛量表（VAPS）评定的分值。采用具有一个重复测量两因素一元定量资料方差分析统计。结果：A组术后疼痛评分显著降低,在2、6、24 h差异有统计学意义（P=0.006,P<0.001,P<0.001）。术后48 h无统计学意义（P=0.061）。结论：曲马多黏膜下注射对下颌第三磨牙术后早期疼痛控制有明显疗效。     

Meta-analysis on the mandibular dimensions effects of the MARA appliance in patients with Class II malocclusions

Objectives:To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA) on mandibular dimensions in patients with Class II malocclusion and to assess the stability of the MARA results.Materials and Methods:Multiple electronic databases were searched for articles published in any language until March 2014. A manual search was also performed of reference lists of retrieved articles. The primary outcomes were the short-and long-term effects of the MARA appliance on mandible dimensions. The secondary outcome was postretention stability. Outcome measures were total mandibular unit length, corpus length, and ramus height. Two reviewers examined all articles independently and assessed their methodologic quality. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. The Cochrane test and the I² statistic were used to assess heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were performed and publication bias was evaluated.Results:Seven retrospective clinical controlled studies that compared MARA with controls were included. Three of the studies were medium quality; the rest were low quality. Meta-analysis of the short-term effects revealed a significant increase in total mandibular unit length (1.16 mm/y) and ramus height (1.58 mm/y) with MARA and a nonsignificant increase in corpus length (0.21 mm/y). Analyses of the long-term effects showed a statistically significant advantage of MARA over controls for all three variables, but the effect sizes were small. More high-quality studies are warranted.Conclusions:The MARA appliance produced statistically significant mandibular growth enhancement in the short- and long-term. These findings, however, may not be clinically significant.     

The effect of light-emitting diode and laser on mandibular growth in rats

Objective:To evaluate the effect of a light-emitting diode (LED) and/or low-level laser (LLL) with or without the use of anterior bite jumping appliances (also known as functional appliances [FAs]) on mandibular growth in rats.Materials and Methods:Thirty-six 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 g were obtained from Charles River Canada (St. Constant, QC, Canada) and were divided into six groups of six animals each. Groups were as follows: group 1: LLL; group 2: LLL + FA; group 3: LED; group 4: LED + FA; group 5: FA; and group 6: control (no treatment). Mandibular growth was evaluated by histomorphometric and micro computed tomographic (microCT) analyses.Results:The LED and LED + FA groups showed an increase in all condylar tissue parameters compared with other groups.Conclusion:The LED-treated groups showed more mandibular growth stimulation compared with the laser groups.     

Patient's experience of treatment for sleep apnoea with a mandibular advancement splint

Background and aimsObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a well recognised clinical disorder in which there is narrowing and repeated collapse of the upper airway during sleep resulting in the cessation of breathing. Patients with mild to moderate sleep apnoea are often provided with mandibular advancement splint (MAS) therapy as a form of first line or definitive treatment. The aims of this audit were to evaluate patient satisfaction and success of MAS therapy.Methods93 patients diagnosed with sleep apnoea and suitable for a splint were recruited prospectively at Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead between January 2009 and October 2010. A patient satisfaction questionnaire was developed by health professionals involved in the care of patients with sleep apnoea and assessed for face and content validity and reliability. Participants completed the questionnaire six weeks after the splint was fitted.Results44% who previously experienced snoring now reported no snoring and 47% reported less snoring since wearing the MAS appliance. 69% reported complete resolution of sleep apnoea symptoms. 37% experienced aching teeth and 33% experienced having a dry throat when wearing the appliance. 86% of sleeping partners felt that their quality of sleep was improved following their partners treatment.ConclusionsThe standards set for each criteria in this audit were met. MAS treatment has a key role to play in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea with high rates of patient satisfaction and the majority of patients partners reporting a significant improvement in their own and their partners sleep quality.     

骨搬移技术治疗下肢感染性骨缺损

目的探讨应用骨搬移技术治疗严重下肢感染性骨不连的临床疗效。方法按照牵拉组织再生原理,对26例四肢高能量损伤后下肢感染性骨不连患者采取病灶彻底切除+干骺端截骨搬移术。术后7 d以0.25 mm/6 h速度延长,固定延长至骨缺损端会合,于骨缺损处两断端加压并继续维持外同定支架至骨愈合。结果 26例全部获随访,平均随访56(20~92)个月。骨延长2~14 cm,平均5.5 cm,骨性感染全部治愈。带支架时间6~24个月,平均13个月。23例骨缺损处及延长部位骨生长良好,达到了骨性愈合;3例断端骨接触后6个月无明显骨愈合,其中2例行自体髂骨植骨,1例拆除支架后行自体髂骨植骨内固定,4~6个月达到骨性愈合。截骨延长部位及骨缺损对合处对位对线良好。结论骨搬移技术治疗下肢感染性骨不连,术后感染控制良好,骨愈合率高。     

健康成人下颌切牙管的锥形束CT测量分析

目的 利用锥形束CT测量下颌切牙管(mandibular incisive canal,MIC),了解其形态和特点,为临床提供参考.方法 观察2011年1月至2013年1月50名成人健康志愿者的锥形束CT图像,测量分析MIC的检出率、管径、长度及其与颌骨的关系.结果 在50例(100侧)锥形束CT图像中:MIC的检出率为100％(100/100),清晰率为71％(71/100);MIC的管径面积(唇舌径×垂直径)从起点至终点逐渐变小(左侧起点2.17 mm× 2.22 mm,终点0.82 mm× 0.92 mm;右侧起点2.14 mm×2.08 mm,终点0.87 mm×0.86 mm);MIC左右侧平均长度分别为17.84和17.73 mm;MIC在下颌骨唇舌向偏唇侧;在垂直方向MIC距下颌骨下缘较近,MIC到根尖的距离在尖牙最小.结论 锥形束CT对MIC有良好的检出率和清晰率;MIC在下颌骨的走行中偏向唇侧和下颌骨下缘.     

Superolateral Dislocation of the Mandibular Condyle: A Series of Seven Cases

Introduction

Anterior and anteromedial dislocations of the mandibular condyle are seen frequently in mandibular fractures. Less frequent are dislocations of the condylar head in the lateral, medial and posterior direction whereas superior dislocation into the middle cranial fossa is rare. We report a series of seven cases encountered over the years, which, incidentally, is the largest case series reported till date with lateral and superolateral dislocation of the condyle after a traumatic injury.

Materials and method

In all cases but one, the condyle was reduced by manual manipulation with the patient in general anaesthesia. In all cases but one there was simultaneous fracture in the mandibular symphyseal region. The associated fractures were reduced and fixed with bone plates and screws.

Results

Patients were generally free from any long term complications of injury or surgery except for facial nerve paresis of a transient nature in one case.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this clinical series presents the first reported case of superolateral dislocation which required open reduction. The etiology and mechanism of dislocation has been discussed along with a brief review of the literature.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12663-015-0770-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

An Unusual Presentation of Stafne Bone Cyst

Stafne bone cyst is a rare mandibular defect. It is a developmental abnormality that commonly presents as a small, well demarcated, and asymptomatic radiolucency seen at the angle of the mandible below the mandibular canal. There are usually no clinical signs nor symptoms. Diagnosis is commonly by plain X-ray, but use of more accurate imaging such as MRI is required in atypical cases. This case study reports an unusual presentation of Stafne bone cyst in the ramus of the mandible in a young man and reviews the relevant literature.