浅谈110 kV主变中性点放电间隙的作用

针对一起110 kV变压器跳闸事故进行短路计算,查询了110 kV变压器中性点氧化锌避雷器与放电间隙的配置原则,以及湖北电网雷电信息查询系统,经综合分析发现,当110 kV线路遭受雷击,雷电波从线路侵入110 kV变电站到达变压器中性点,产生较高雷电过电压时,避雷器没有达到动作条件,靠间隙击穿来保护变压器中性点绝缘。同时分析了氧化锌避雷器的动作条件,以及间隙被击穿的条件,表明主变压器中性点避雷器与棒间隙的配合使用可以有效保护变压器中性点绝缘。     

生物膜同步硝化反硝化脱氮过程中N2O的产生量及机理分析

为了考察生物膜同步硝化反硝化脱氮过程中氧化亚氮(N2O)的释放量,以碳纤维为填料,采用SBR反应器研究了实际生活污水生物膜同步硝化反硝化过程中N2O释放量并对其产生机理进行了分析.在低溶解氧水平(0.2～1.5 mg/L)下系统同步硝化反硝化率维持在79%以上.在4个溶解氧水平0.2、0.4、1.0、1.5 mg/L下,每去除1 g氨氮N2O释放量分别为0.005、0.025、0.021、0.025 g,远低于短程硝化反硝化系统N2O释放量.1个反应周期内,N2O释放量随NH4+-N氧化而增加,NH4+-N氧化结束后,N2O释放量急剧减少.在曝气状态下,N2O释放速率与ρ(COD)呈现了较好的相关性.分析发现,生物膜同步硝化反硝化系统中N2O主要是由异养硝化和好氧反硝化产生.     

铝合金直流电阳极氧化膜的制备

以工业纯铝L2为试样,对其表面经预处理后进行直流电阳极氧化,考察了氧化时间、氧化电压对氧 化膜厚度、膜硬度的影响,并对经阳极氧化的试样横截面进行SEM 和EDS测试分析。研究结果表明,在电解液成分 H₂SO₄的质量浓度为200g/L、Al₂O₃的质量浓度为1g/L,直流氧化电压为10V,氧化时间为40min,温度为(20± 1)℃的条件下,可以获得均匀、与试样基体结合紧密、膜硬度相对较高的的氧化膜。而且随着氧化时间的增加,可以 得到相对较大的膜厚度,但膜硬度相对降低。     

Synthesis of Hollow Three-Dimensional Channels LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 Microsphere by PEO Soft Template Assisted with Solvothermal Method

A appropriate size with three-dimension(3 D) channels for lithium diffusion plays an important role in constructing highperforming LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) cathode materials, as it can not only reduce the transport path of lithium ions and electrons, but also reduce the side effects and withstand the structural strain in the process of repetitive Li~+ intercalation/deintercalation. In this work, an e fficient method for designing the hollow LNMO microsphere with 3 D channels structure by using polyethylene oxide(PEO) as soft template agent assisted solvothermal method is proposed. Experimental results indicate that PEO can make the reagents mingle evenly and nucleate slowly in the solvothermal process, thus obtaining a homogeneous distribution of carbonate precursors. In the final LNMO products, the hollow 3 D channels structure obtained by the decomposition of PEO and carbonate precursor in the calcination can provide abundant electroactive zones and electron/ion transport paths during the charge/discharge process, which benefits to improve the cycling performance and rate capability. The LNMO prepared by adding 1 g PEO possesses the most outstanding electrochemical performance, which presented an excellent discharge capacity of 143.1 mAh g~(-1) at 0.1 C and with a capacity retention of 92.2% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The superior performance attributed to the 3 D channels structure of hollow microspheres, which provide uninterrupted conductive systems and therefore achieve the stable transfer for electron/ion.     

Interface structure and formation mechanism of vacuum-free vibration liquid phase diffusion-bonded joints of SiCp/ZL101A composites

The vacuum-free vibration liquid phase(VLP) diffusion-bonding of SiCp/ZL101A composites was investigated. The effects of vibration on the interface structure, the phase transformation and the tensile strength of bonded joints were examined. Experimental results show that the oxide film on the surface of the composites is a key factor affecting the tensile strength of boned joints. The distribution of the oxide layers at the interface changes from a continuous line to a discontinuous one during vibration. The tensile strength of the VLP diffusion-bonded joints increases with the vibration time, and is up to the maximum of 172 MPa when the vibration time is 30 s. The phase structure of the bond region changes from the Zn-Al-Cu hyper-eutectic (η (β η) (β η ε)) phases to Al-rich Al-base solid solution (α-Al) with increasing the vibration time.     

镁合金熔炼阻燃方法及进展

镁合金在熔炼浇铸过程中容易发生剧烈的氧化燃烧。熔剂保护和气体保护是目前国内外应用最为广泛的镁合金阻燃方法,但同时带来了环境污染等问题。因此,人们希望通过合金化的方法达到阻燃的目的,并且已经取得了进展。     

氧化物润滑材料的研究进展

随着航空航天等高新技术装备的发展,要求相关运动部件在极高的温度下具有优异的摩擦学性能,因此开发适应极高温度的自润滑材料具有重大意义。综述了二元氧化物润滑材料和三元氧化物润滑材料用作高温固体润滑材料的研究与发展。重点介绍了含有Magnéli同源相的二元和三元氧化物润滑材料,在高温和宽温域环境下的摩擦学性能,同时也说明了通过控制材料的生长结构和缺陷形式,来生成具有高温润滑性的氧化物,成为实现材料高温润滑的一种潜在方法,并讨论了这些氧化物的结构、化学性能和电性能与其摩擦学性能的相关性。最后概括了氧化物润滑材料在工业中的应用前景,并提出了研发单一润滑材料实现室温至高温(25~1000℃)宽温域下的连续润滑成为未来的发展趋势。     

MgO助剂对镍基低温甲烷化催化剂活性的影响

采用二次等量浸渍法,以Al2O3-TiO2为复合载体制备了不同MgO含量的Ni基低温甲烷化催化剂Ni-Mg/Al2O3-TiO2,并将其用于脱除富氢气体中的CO,同时采用BET,H2-TPR,XRD,SEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,适量添加MgO助剂可改善活性组分Ni在载体表面上的分散性,增加活性组分与载体间的相互作用,避免较大NiO晶粒的产生,当NiO含量为50%(w)、MgO含量为2%(w)时,所制备的Ni-Mg/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂的活性较高,同时稳定性较好;在压力2 MPa、温度170℃、气态空速2 500 h-1的条件下,采用Ni-Mg/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂处理0.5%(φ)CO-99.5%(φ)H2富氢气体,反应后出口气体中CO含量可降至5×10-6(φ)以下。     

基于NH3-SCR反应铜基小孔分子筛催化剂Na中毒对比研究

以浸渍法模拟碱金属中毒NH₃-SCR催化剂过程,制备不同Na含量（质量分数）的铜基小孔分子筛Cu/SSZ-13和Cu/SAPO-34,对比研究了二者的碱金属中毒机理。结果表明,外引Na离子均可严重影响两种催化剂的NH₃-SCR催化活性,造成催化剂的晶相结构坍塌,酸性量减少,活性物种减少。不同的是,Na引入量较低（<1.82%）时,Cu/SAPO-34比Cu/SSZ-13具有更强的Na离子耐受性,而当Na含量高于3.48%时,Cu/SAPO-34几乎完全丧失NH₃-SCR催化活性。通过催化剂的结构表征（BET、XRD和SEM）和酸性位表征（DRIFTS、NH₃-TPD和H₂-TPR）,研究表明随着Na中毒程度的加深,Cu/SSZ-13的结构破坏是渐变式的,而Cu/SAPO-34的结构破坏是突变式的;Na中毒的机理研究表明,酸性位的减少是Cu/SSZ-13的SCR活性下降的主导原因,结构坍塌是Cu/SAPO-34的SCR活性下降的主导原因。     

Bismuth niobate thin films for dielectric energy storage applications

Low‐temperature processed bismuth niobate (BNO) thin films were explored in this work as a potential candidate for high‐energy density capacitors. The BNO samples were fabricated by the chemical solution deposition method followed by a series of ultraviolet (UV) exposure and heat treatments. A UV treatment prior to the final pyrolysis step was found to be useful in eliminating bound carbon. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) demonstrated that the residual carbon could be effectively removed at 350°C after UV exposure. Following a heat treatment at 450°C, the energy storage density of the BNO thin film reached 39 J/cm³ with an efficiency of 72%. Furthermore, 350°C and 375°C treated BNO samples showed high‐temperature stability such that the efficiencies of the films remained above 97% up to 150°C at 10 kHz under 1 MV/cm applied field.