基于数字孪生的智能运维理论体系与实现方法

在建筑行业转型升级的背景下,针对大型建筑运维过程管理效率低、各类运维事件决策分析精度不足、智能化程度有待提高等问题,提出基于数字孪生的智能运维理论体系与实现方法。总结归纳大型建筑智能运维需要采集的信息,分析智能运维亟待解决的问题,融合智能感知与数字孪生技术,给出智能运维运行机理,建立针对大型建筑的智能运维架构体系与多维多尺度的孪生模型。研究建筑智能运维的实现方法,其中包含智能运维全要素信息的采集与传输、智能运维孪生体的构建与运行、智能运维孪生数据的管理机制及智能运维平台的架构。在智能运维理论体系和实现方法的指导下,搭建了智能运维平台,并应用于某大型建筑工程的运维管理。考虑运维管理过程中的虚实交互与时空演化,初步验证了数字孪生在提高运维管理智能化程度方面的有效性。     

Dietary restraint moderates genetic risk for binge eating.

Dietary restraint is a prospective risk factor for the development of binge eating and bulimia nervosa. Although many women engage in dietary restraint, relatively few develop binge eating. Dietary restraint may increase susceptibility for binge eating only in individuals who are at genetic risk. Specifically, dietary restraint may be a behavioral exposure factor that activates genetic predispositions for binge eating. We investigated this possibility in 1,678 young adolescent and adult same-sex female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study and the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Twin moderation models were used to examine whether levels of dietary restraint moderate genetic and environmental influences on binge eating. Results indicated that genetic and nonshared environmental factors for binge eating increased at higher levels of dietary restraint. These effects were present after controlling for age, body mass index, and genetic and environmental overlap among dietary restraint and binge eating. Results suggest that dietary restraint may be most important for individuals at genetic risk for binge eating and that the combination of these factors could enhance individual differences in risk for binge eating. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Developmental trajectories in toddlers' self-restraint predict individual differences in executive functions 14 years later: A behavioral genetic analysis.

We examined whether self-restraint in early childhood predicted individual differences in 3 executive functions (EFs; inhibiting prepotent responses, updating working memory, and shifting task sets) in late adolescence in a sample of approximately 950 twins. At ages 14, 20, 24, and 36 months, the children were shown an attractive toy and told not to touch it for 30 s. Latency to touch the toy increased with age, and latent class growth modeling distinguished 2 groups of children that differed in their latencies to touch the toy at all 4 time points. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we decomposed the 3 EFs (measured with latent variables at age 17 years) into a Common EF factor (isomorphic to response inhibition ability) and 2 factors specific to updating and shifting. Less-restrained children had significantly lower scores on the Common EF factor, equivalent scores on the Updating-Specific factor, and higher scores on the Shifting-Specific factor than did the more-restrained children. The less-restrained group also had lower IQ scores, but this effect was entirely mediated by the EF components. Twin models indicated that the associations were primarily genetic in origin for the Common EF variable but split between genetics and nonshared environment for the Shifting-Specific variable. These results suggest a biological relation between individual differences in self-restraint and EFs, one that begins early in life and persists into late adolescence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Positive Strain Rate Sensitivity and Deformation Behavior of a Fe-29Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP Steel

The Fe-29Mn-3Al-3Si twin-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is used to conduct quasi-static compression and dynamic impact deformation with strain rates ranging from 8.3 × 10^-4 to 3800 s^-1. The microstructures and properties of deformed samples under different strain rates were investigated comparatively. These results show that positive strain rate sensitivity was observed with the increase in strain rates and that there was a significant difference in strain rate sensitivity factor (ṁ) between quasi-static compression (ṁ = 0.029) and dynamic impact deformation (ṁ = 0.190). Compared to the quasi-static compression, the dynamic impact deformation exhibited higher yield strength. Microstructural examination reveals that the primary twins were frequently found during the quasi-static compression process, and the secondary twins were rarely observed. However, the secondary and multi-fold deformation twins were florescent in the dynamic impact samples. At the initial stage of dynamic impact deformation, partial dislocations and staking faults on multiple conjugate {111} planes were simultaneously activated and produced a large number of Lomer-Cottrell dislocations, resulting in a large increase in yield strength during dynamic impact.     

Puberty and the genetic diathesis of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.

Twin studies from the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS) suggest negligible genetic effects on eating pathology before puberty but increased genetic effects during puberty. However, an independent study found no pubertal differences in genetic and environmental effects (R. Rowe, A. Pickles, E. Simonoff, C. M. Bulik, & J. L. Silberg, 2002). Discrepant results may be due to methodological differences. The MTFS studies divided twins at mid-puberty, whereas R. Rowe et al. (2002) divided twins based on menarche alone. In the present study, the authors aimed to reconcile discrepant findings by examining differences in etiologic effects for disordered eating attitudes and behaviors (i.e., levels of weight preoccupation, body dissatisfaction, binge eating, compensatory behaviors) using both classification methods in a new sample of 656 female twins. Using the MTFS method (i.e., K. L. Klump, M. McGue, & W. G. Iacono, 2003), the authors observed nominal genetic effects in prepubertal twins but significant genetic effects in pubertal and young adult twins. Conversely, genetic effects were moderate and equal in all groups using the R. Rowe et al. (2002) method. Findings highlight the potentially important role of puberty in the genetic diathesis of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors and the need to use early indicators of pubertal status in studies of developmental effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Behavioral disinhibition: Liability for externalizing spectrum disorders and its genetic and environmental relation to response inhibition across adolescence.

Behavioral disinhibition has been characterized as a generalized vulnerability to externalizing disorders. Despite increasing evidence for its validity and heritability, the structural stability of behavioral disinhibition across adolescence and the strength and etiology of its relation to executive functions have not been studied. In this multivariate twin study, the authors assessed behavioral disinhibition using measures tapping substance use, conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and novelty seeking at ages 12 and 17. Executive functions were assessed with laboratory-based cognitive tasks at age 17. Results indicated that, at age 12, behavioral disinhibition was dominated by ADHD and conduct problems and was highly heritable. At age 17, the contributions of the 4 components were more balanced, and the proportion of variance attributable to genetic factors was somewhat smaller, with additional variance due to shared environmental influences. At both ages, behavioral disinhibition was more closely related to response inhibition than other executive functions (working memory updating and task-set shifting), and this relationship was primarily genetic in origin. These results highlight the dynamic nature of behavioral disinhibition across adolescence and suggest that response inhibition may be an important mechanism underlying vulnerability to disinhibitory psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cu-0.8Cr-0.2Zr合金固溶时效后的组织与性能研究

通过检测Cu-Cr-Zr合金在固溶时效过程中硬度、电导率的变化及显微组织的观察,研究不同热处理条件对该合金组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明：固溶时效后在合金基体中能得到大量的孪晶组织及细小的析出粒子,在两者综合作用下,合金的组织和性能得到极大的改善。合金在980℃固溶、450℃时效3 h后性能最佳。合金的硬度为111.5 HBS,相对电导率为78.42%IACS。     

Microstructure tuning of epitaxial BaTiO3 − x thin films grown using laser molecular-beam epitaxy by varying the oxygen pressure

Microstructural properties are found to be variant in the BaTiO_3 − x films grown on SrTiO₃(001) substrate under various oxygen pressures from 2 × 10^− 2 Pa to 2 × 10^− 5 Pa by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. Transmission electron microscopic studies reveal that the predominant defects in the films change from threading dislocations into (111) planar defects (i.e. stacking faults and nanotwins) by lowering the oxygen pressure. High density of these defects was observed in the BaTiO_3 − x film prepared at the oxygen pressure of 2 × 10^− 5 Pa, which shows metallic behavior. The relationships between oxygen pressure, microstructure, and electrical properties are established on the basis of oxygen deficiency. The formation of nanotwins in highly oxygen-deficient BaTiO_3 − x epitaxial thin films results from accommodating excess oxygen vacancies induced by lowering oxygen pressure.     

轧制工艺对316L不锈钢组织和耐蚀性能的影响

为探索改善不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的途径,对316L不锈钢施加相同变形量的同步轧制和异步轧制,利用X射线衍射、透射电镜观察、电化学测量和扫描电镜表面观察研究了轧制工艺对钢的显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,经过异步轧制后显微组织中出现大量孪晶界,优化了晶界结构,在酸性介质中的晶间腐蚀敏感性明显减轻;而经过同步轧制后,样品呈现出高位错密度的显微组织,在酸性介质中的耐腐蚀性能降低.异步轧制后耐蚀性能得到改善是由于大量孪晶界的形成优化了晶界结构.     

A longitudinal analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

The authors modeled depressive and anxiety symptom data from 1,391 participants in a longitudinal study of middle-aged and older Swedish twins (M age?=?60.9 years, SD?=?13.3). Although anxiety and depression were highly correlated, a model with distinct Anxiety and Depression factors fit the data better than models with Positive and Negative Affect factors or a single Mental Health factor. Lack of well-being was associated with anxiety rather than depression. Over two 3-year intervals, anxiety symptoms led to depressive symptoms, but the relationship was not reciprocal. Anxiety symptoms were more stable than depression. These findings provide additional support for the idea that anxiety symptoms may reflect a personality trait such as neuroticism more than do depressive symptoms and suggest that low positive affect may not be as specific to depression among older adults as in younger people. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)