A genetic factor explains most of the variation in the psychopathic personality.

The psychopathic personality can be conceptualized as three interrelated dimensions, (a) an interpersonal style of glibness, grandiosity, and manipulation; (b) an affective disposition of callousness, lack of empathy, and unemotionality; and (c) a behavioral/lifestyle dimension of impulsivity, need for stimulation, and irresponsibility, underpinning a higher order construct, psychopathic personality. The authors used a self-report questionnaire (The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory) to study the importance of genetic and environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits in a sample of 1,090 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, aged 16-17 years. Results showed a strong genetic influence behind the higher order "psychopathic personality" factor, underpinned by the three psychopathic personality dimensions. Over and above the effects to the higher order factor, significant unique genetic influences were also found in the callous/unemotional and in the impulsive/irresponsible dimension, but not in the grandiose/manipulative dimension. The authors propose that this latent psychopathic personality factor is a meaningful target for future etiological research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Genetic and environmental influences on interpersonal cognitions and associations with depressive symptoms in 8-year-old twins.

Less is known about depression in children than in adults. This study integrates fields by combining cognitive and interpersonal research investigating childhood depression symptoms through the use of a genetic framework. Three research questions are addressed. First, what are the associations among interpersonal cognitions, anxiety, and depression? Second, what are the relative magnitudes of genetic and environmental influences on interpersonal cognitions? Third, to what extent do genetic and environmental influences explain associations between interpersonal cognitions and depression? Three hundred pairs of 8-year-old twins reported on symptoms of depression and anxiety by completing the Children's Depression Inventory and the Screen for Childhood Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders. The authors examined interpersonal cognitions with the Children's Expectation of Social Behaviors and the Perceptions of Peers and Self Questionnaires. Interpersonal cognitions were more strongly correlated with depression (mean r = .35) than with anxiety (mean r = .13). Genetic influence on interpersonal cognitions was small (M = 3%), and associations between interpersonal cognitions and depression were mainly explained by environmental influences. These latter findings may result from interpersonal cognitions in young children, reflecting life experiences as opposed to trait-like cognitive biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

滑移爆轰条件下高纯铜的层裂行为

本文通过滑移爆轰试验研究了低载荷下(2~4GPa)高纯铜试样的层裂行为。对爆轰后的层裂试样进行了金相和EBSD分析。金相分析结果表明:在滑移爆轰试样主层裂面上存在层裂面分叉的现象,在边部存在与主层裂面垂直的层裂面。在微结构相同的试样中,随着冲击压力的增大,孔洞分布区域的面积增大、微孔洞的贯通现象也更加明显。EBSD分析的结果表明:爆轰试验导致试样层裂区域晶粒尺寸减小,晶粒沿垂直于冲击应力的方向被拉长。爆轰时由于冲击压力极高,变形时间短(10μs),在试样中形成变形孪晶。层裂试样中微孔洞多在多条一般大角度晶界构成的三叉节点处形核,多条Σ3晶界构成的三叉节点对损伤形核有抵抗作用。损伤多形核于泰勒因子(TF)值较高的晶粒与其他晶粒构成的晶界上。TF值较高的晶粒中损伤的面积更大些。     

平台级实体虚拟兵力仿真及应用研究

为构建虚拟兵力模型体系及其仿真系统,开展对抗式模拟训练与推演,对面向平台级实体虚拟兵力仿真及应用相关技术进行了研究。对计算机生成兵力系统与仿真平台、平台级实体虚拟兵力模型建模方法进行了梳理。对构建基于云仿真的虚兵服务系统相关技术路线、混合式仿真系统形态下兵力成体系仿真中的分布交互技术进行了总结,提出了基于混合体系结构的孪生战场环境仿真架构。最后对该领域存在的问题进行了归纳,为构建虚拟兵力模型体系以及虚拟兵力仿真系统提供方向和指引。     

平行矿山:从数字孪生到矿山智能

针对新时代下我国矿区智能化发展诉求与矿山无人化进程中遇到的复现难、协同难的技术问题,本文融合智慧矿山理念、ACP(Artificial societies+computational experiments+parallel execution)平行智能理论和新一代智能技术,设计并实现了智慧矿山操作系统(Intelli...     

回复与再结晶退火对TWIP钢组织及性能的影响

用室温拉伸试验机、布氏硬度计、光学显微镜和透射电镜分析了冷轧态的TWIP钢及其在100~750℃退火后的力学性能和显微组织结构随温度的变化规律。试验结果表明,TWIP钢的强度随退火温度的提高呈现出非单调性变化,硬度随温度提高先升高而后降低,伸长率从500℃开始显著升高;TWIP钢回复退火使强度有一定的提高。     

Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: The importance of shared environment.

Research has documented high levels of covariation among childhood externalizing disorders, but the etiology of this covariation is unclear. To unravel the sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD), the authors studied 11-year-old twins (N/&=/&1,506) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Symptom counts for each of these disorders were obtained from interviews administered to the twins and their mothers. A model was fit that allowed the parsing of genetic, shared environmental (factors that make family members similar to each other), and nonshared environmental (factors that make family members different from each other) contributions to covariation. The results revealed that although each disorder was influenced by genetic and environmental factors, a single shared environmental factor made the largest contribution to the covariation among ADHD, ODD, and CD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The dependence of fatigue crack growth on hydrogen in warm-rolled 316 austenitic stainless steel

The fatigue crack growth rate of warm-rolled AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel was investigated by controlling rolling strain and temperature in argon and hydrogen gas atmospheres. The fatigue crack growth rates of warm-rolled 316 specimens tested in hydrogen decreased with increasing rolling temperature, especially 400 °C. By controlling the deformation temperature and strain, the influences of microstructure (including dislocation structure, deformation twins and α′ martensite) and its evolution on hydrogen-induced degradation of mechanical properties were separately discussed. Deformation twins deceased and dislocations became more uniform with the increase in rolling temperature, inhibiting the formation of dynamic α′ martensite during the crack propagation. In the cold-rolled 316 specimens, deformation twins accelerated hydrogen-induced crack growth due to the α′ martensitic transformation at the crack tip. In the warm-rolled specimens, the formation of α′ martensite around the crack tip was completely inhibited, which greatly reduced the fatigue crack growth rate in hydrogen atmosphere.     

轧制工艺对316L不锈钢组织和耐蚀性能的影响

为探索改善不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的途径,对316L不锈钢施加相同变形量的同步轧制和异步轧制,利用X射线衍射、透射电镜观察、电化学测量和扫描电镜表面观察研究了轧制工艺对钢的显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,经过异步轧制后显微组织中出现大量孪晶界,优化了晶界结构,在酸性介质中的晶间腐蚀敏感性明显减轻;而经过同步轧制后,样品呈现出高位错密度的显微组织,在酸性介质中的耐腐蚀性能降低.异步轧制后耐蚀性能得到改善是由于大量孪晶界的形成优化了晶界结构.     

基于数字孪生的智能运维理论体系与实现方法

在建筑行业转型升级的背景下,针对大型建筑运维过程管理效率低、各类运维事件决策分析精度不足、智能化程度有待提高等问题,提出基于数字孪生的智能运维理论体系与实现方法。总结归纳大型建筑智能运维需要采集的信息,分析智能运维亟待解决的问题,融合智能感知与数字孪生技术,给出智能运维运行机理,建立针对大型建筑的智能运维架构体系与多维多尺度的孪生模型。研究建筑智能运维的实现方法,其中包含智能运维全要素信息的采集与传输、智能运维孪生体的构建与运行、智能运维孪生数据的管理机制及智能运维平台的架构。在智能运维理论体系和实现方法的指导下,搭建了智能运维平台,并应用于某大型建筑工程的运维管理。考虑运维管理过程中的虚实交互与时空演化,初步验证了数字孪生在提高运维管理智能化程度方面的有效性。