面向网络化定制的产品族复合建模技术

在分析了网络化定制关键技术的基础上，针对性地对信息映射方法和产品族建进行了研究。提出了多层结构信息映射模型，以及综合类元件和参数化特征建模的双层复合产品族模型。结合本方法和以往网络化制造领域中所取得的成果，实现了较完整的基于Web的个性化定制过程。     

Past and future of software architectural decisions – A systematic mapping study

ContextThe software architecture of a system is the result of a set of architectural decisions. The topic of architectural decisions in software engineering has received significant attention in recent years. However, no systematic overview exists on the state of research on architectural decisions.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to provide a systematic overview of the state of research on architectural decisions. Such an overview helps researchers reflect on previous research and plan future research. Furthermore, such an overview helps practitioners understand the state of research, and how research results can help practitioners in their architectural decision-making.MethodWe conducted a systematic mapping study, covering studies published between January 2002 and January 2012. We defined six research questions. We queried six reference databases and obtained an initial result set of 28,895 papers. We followed a search and filtering process that resulted in 144 relevant papers.ResultsAfter classifying the 144 relevant papers for each research question, we found that current research focuses on documenting architectural decisions. We found that only several studies describe architectural decisions from the industry. We identified potential future research topics: domain-specific architectural decisions (such as mobile), achieving specific quality attributes (such as reliability or scalability), uncertainty in decision-making, and group architectural decisions. Regarding empirical evaluations of the papers, around half of the papers use systematic empirical evaluation approaches (such as surveys, or case studies). Still, few papers on architectural decisions use experiments.ConclusionOur study confirms the increasing interest in the topic of architectural decisions. This study helps the community reflect on the past ten years of research on architectural decisions. Researchers are offered a number of promising future research directions, while practitioners learn what existing papers offer.     

Visualising a knowledge mapping of information systems investment evaluation

Information systems (IS) facilitate organisations to increase responsiveness and reduce the costs of their supply chain. This paper seeks to make a contribution through exploring and visualising knowledge mapping from the perspective of IS investment evaluation. The evaluation of IS is regarded as a challenging and complex process, which becomes even more difficult with the increased complexity of IS. The intricacy of IS evaluation, however, is due to numerous interrelated factors (e.g. costs, benefits and risks) that have human or organisational dimensions. With this in mind, there appears to be an increasing need to assess investment decision-making processes, to better understand the often far-reaching implications associated with technology adoption and interrelated knowledge components (KC). Through the identification and extrapolation of key learning issues from the literature and empirical findings, organisations can better improve their business processes and thereby their effectiveness and efficiency, while preventing others from making costly oversights that may not necessarily be only financial. In seeking to enlighten the often obscure evaluation of IS investments, this paper attempts to inductively emphasise the dissemination of knowledge and learning through the application of a fuzzy Expert System (ES) based knowledge mapping technique (i.e. Fuzzy Cognitive Map [FCM]). The rationale for exploring knowledge and IS investment evaluation is that a knowledge map will materialise for others to exploit during their specific technology evaluation. This is realised through conceptualising the explicit and tacit investment drivers. Among the several findings drawn from this research, the key resulting knowledge mapping through FCM demonstrated the complex, multifaceted and emergent behaviour of causal relationships within the knowledge area. The principal relationships and knowledge within IS investment evaluation are illustrated as being determined by a blend of managerial and user perspectives.     

Smart pricing scheme: A multi-layered scoring rule application

Defining appropriate pricing strategy for smart environment is important and complex task at the same time. It holds the primal fraction in Demand Response (DR) program. In our work, we devise an incentive based smart dynamic pricing scheme for consumers facilitating a multi-layered scoring rule. The proposed strategy characterizes both incentive based DR and price based DR programs facilities. This mechanism is applied between consumer agents (CA) to electricity provider agent (EP) and EP to Generation Company (GENCO). Based on the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), a hierarchical scoring system is formed among these entities, CA–EP–GENCO. As CA receives the dynamic day-ahead pricing signal from EP, it will schedule the household appliances to lower price period and report the prediction in a form of a probability distribution function to EP. EP, in similar way reports the aggregated demand prediction to GENCO. Finally, GENCO computes the base discount after running a cost-optimization problem. GENCO will reward EP with a fraction of discount based on their prediction accuracy. EP will do the same to CA based on how truthful they were reporting their intentions on device scheduling. The method is tested on real data provided by Ontario Power Company and we show that this scheme is capable to reduce energy consumption and consumers’ payment.     

基于MPLS的VPN互访技术

针对VPN互访问题,根据IPSec-VPN互访方法的不足,提出动态MPLS-VPN方法.利用随机分配的标签,在需要互访的不同VPN网络节点之间构建MPLS通道,利用互访规则集检验节点的连接申请,根据过滤规则控制数据包的传输,通过设定传输时长限制节点互访的时间,实现VPN之间接节点、按方向、按时间的细粒度互访控制,确保数据传输的安全性和高效性.给出动态MPLS-VPN方法实现互访的步骤,对方法进行分析比较.     

超快平面显微成像技术

快速成像技术在很多领域都有着重要的应用,本文基于超短光脉冲的时-空-频映射原理,提出并实现了一种超快平面显微成像技术。利用色散傅里叶变换及空间色散器件把光脉冲的宽带频谱信息分别映射到时域和空域,利用高速光电探测器进行串行单像素成像,最终获得了帧速率为20.9 MHz,空间分辨率为22 μm和55 μm的一维及二维平面成像系统。在实验中用标准的分辨率目标板验证了成像效果。该技术为超快成像提供了一种有效手段,并将应用于高速平面检测等多个领域。     

化工容器设计规范述评

分析了压力容器设计标准ＧＢ１５０－８９［１］和ＪＢ４７３２－９５［２］在设计思想和设计方法上的主要区别及按两种标准制造的容器的经济性，提出了选取ＪＢ４７３２－９５作为所遵循的设计规范的一些参考性意见。     

A comparison of atomic force microscope friction and phase imaging for the characterization of an immiscible polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend film

Three different forms of atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement, topography, friction force and phase imaging, have been used to investigate the surface morphology and local composition of an immiscible polystyrene (PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend film. This sample forms discrete, micron-size domains in a continuous matrix, which is attributed to the segregation of PMMA in PS. When the samples were imaged in air, contrast in friction and phase images was caused by variations in sample topography only. When the samples were imaged under water, however, both friction and phase imaging yielded non-topographic contrast between domains. We ascribe the contrast in both of these imaging modes to preferential softening of the hydrophilic, PMMA-rich domains and to stronger tip-sample adhesive forces, highlighting the AFM's utility for probing local elastic properties and for compositional mapping of soft polymer samples.     

Reliability analysis of a repairable duplex system

We analyse the survival time of a repairable duplex system characterised by cold standby and by a pre-emptive priority rule. We allow general probability distributions for failure and repair. Moreover, an important realistic feature of the system is the general assumption that the non-priority unit has a memory. This combination of features has not been analysed in the previous literature. Our (new) methodology is based on a concatenation of a Cauchy-type integral representation of the modified Heaviside unit-step function and a two-sided stochastic inequality. Finally, we introduce a security interval related to a security level and a suitable risk-criterion based on the survival function of the system. As a practical application, we analyse some particular cases of the survival function jointly with the security interval corresponding to a security level of 90.     

A New Derivation of the Cubature Kalman Filters

This paper investigates the cubature Kalman filtering (CKF) for nonlinear dynamic systems. This third‐degree rule based filter employs a spherical‐radial cubature rule to numerically compute the integrals encountered in nonlinear filtering problems, thereby removing the requirements of explicitly computing the Jacobians. The cubature rule, however, requires computing the intractable integrals over a high‐dimensional spherical region for multidimensional applications. Moreover, the cubature formula that has been used to construct the spherical cubature formula has some demerits, most notably its inconvenient properties in computation and low estimation accuracy. Aimed at these issues, a general class of CKFs that uses only cubature rules is derived in this paper. It can be shown that the conventional CKF is a special case of the proposed algorithm. The paper also includes higher‐degree CKFs, especially two representative types of the fifth‐degree CKFs. Performance of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated via two target tracking problems. The experimental results, presented herein, illustrate the superior performance of higher‐degree CKFs to conventional nonlinear filters.