Study of tool trajectory in blisk channel ECM with spiral feeding

Electrochemical machining (ECM) plays an important role in blisk manufacturing. There are two steps in blisk ECM: machining of channels and precise shaping of blade profiles. In channel machining, channels are machined in the workpiece with allowance left to the following process. Therefore, the main aim of channel machining with ECM is to improve the allowance distribution. With this aim, a new ECM method for blisk channels, spiral feeding ECM, is developed in which the cathode feeds from blade tip to hub along with rotation motion around its axis. Through this combined motion, twisted channels are produced in the workpiece. The relationship between feed position and rotation angle is presented in the form of a mathematical model. Experiments with a feed rate of 1 mm/min confirm that spiral feeding ECM is feasible and efficient. Compared with radial ECM, the allowance differences in blank back and blank basin decrease by 32.7% and 33.6%, respectively. The surface roughnesses Ra in blank back, blank basin, and hub are 0.358, 0.308, and 0.102 µm, respectively. Thus, the allowance distribution is improved to be more uniform considerably and the surface quality is relatively high.     

Influence of cryogenic coolant on turning performance characteristics: A comparison with wet machining

Machining of 17-4 Precipitation Hardenable Stainless Steel (PH SS) is one of the difficult tasks because of its high cutting temperatures. Conventional cutting fluids are used to overcome the high cutting temperatures, but these are not acceptable from the health and environmental sustainable points of view. Cryogenic cooling is one of the potential techniques to overcome such problems. In the current work, comparison is made of cryogenic turning results, such as tool flank wear, cutting forces (feed force, main cutting force), cutting temperature, chip morphology and surface integrity characteristics with wet machining during machining of heat-treated 17-4 PH SS. The result showed that in cryogenic machining, a maximum of 53%, 78%, 35% and 16% reductions was observed in tool flank wear, cutting temperature, surface roughness and cutting force, respectively, when compared with wet machining. It was also evident from the experimental results that cryogenic machining significantly improved the machining performance and product quality even at high feed rates.     

Influence of ZrO2 particles on the optical properties of pc-LEDs

Experimental and modeling progress and results aiming to increase the color uniformity of hemisphere-type pcW-LEDs are proposed. By adding micrometric zirconia particles, the light scattering is enhanced, that induces a decrease of phosphor necessary to obtain a specific CCT. The optical model is able to determine the optical properties (CCT, angular CCT distribution, chromaticity and packaging efficiency) in a hemisphere LED for various amount of YAG-phosphor and ZrO₂-zirconia particles. Based on previous process, the work is in the first step to fit the effective radius and refractive index that will be implemented in the optical model. In the second step, the optical model is compared with the experimental measurement to determine the absorption coefficient and conversion efficiency of a package of silicone resin containing phosphor and zirconia. Finally, the model, confirmed by selected experimental results, allows determining the optical properties of any king of package that lead to a CCT emission ranging from 4500 K to 6500 K. The analysis of these data is interpreted by comparing, for a specific CCT, the phosphor loss, the packaging efficiency and the angular distribution of CCT. The results show that if the effort is targeted on one of the previous parameters, there is always a counterpart on the other ones. Increasing the color uniformity will induce to decrease the packaging efficiency.     

Surface integrity of Inconel 718 by hybrid selective laser melting and milling

ABSTRACT

While selective laser melting (SLM) offers design freedom of metal parts with much less material consumption, there exist several limitations, including high surface roughness, low-dimensional accuracy, and high tensile residual stresses. To make functional parts with high form accuracy and superior surface integrity, an as-SLM part needs finishing to remove the deposited surface material. The integration of machining and SLM creates a hybrid manufacturing route to overcome the inherited limitations of SLM. However, little study has been done to characterise surface integrity of an as-SLM part followed by machining (e.g. hybrid SLM-milling). In this paper, surface, integrity including surface roughness, microstructure, and microhardness, have been characterised for IN718 samples processed by the hybrid process. It has been found that microhardness varies with the scan direction and the use of coolant in the subsequent milling, and surface integrity can be significantly improved by the hybrid SLM-milling route.     

AMOLED displays with transfer‐printed integrated circuits

Abstract— Small integrated circuits of crystalline silicon (chiplets) transfer‐printed onto a flat‐panel‐display substrate provide greatly improved electrical performance and uniformity in active‐matrix organic light‐emitting‐diode (OLED) displays. The integrated circuits are formed in high‐performance crystalline silicon using conventional photolithographic processes and then transfer‐printed onto a substrate using a stamp that transfers hundreds or thousands of chiplets at once. The chiplets are connected to an external controller and to pixel elements using conventional photolithographic substrate processing methods. Active‐matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays using transfer‐printed chiplets have good yields, excellent uniformity, and electrical performance and are thermally robust.     

Quart-parametric interpolations for intersecting paths

The intersecting path is an important tool path generation method. This paper proposes an approach for the quart-parametric interpolation of intersecting paths. The objective of our approach is that the intersecting paths for surface machining can be directly interpolated within the computer numerical control (CNC) system. This enables the CNC interpolator to process the intersecting paths without geometric approximation as in existing approaches and take into consideration any specific feedrate profiles and further machining dynamical issues along the path.The interpolation of the intersection of two general parametric surfaces is transferred into interpolation of its projection curves and the time trajectories of four parameters along the intersecting curves are obtained. Our strategy is to carry out the quart-parametric interpolation based on the projection interpolation. The feedrate control method is developed, and then the interpolation algorithms for two projection curves are proposed. An error reduction scheme is presented to alleviate point deviation from the drive parametric surface. Simulations of quart-parametric interpolation have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于群体适应度方差的自适应混沌粒子群算法*

已有的混沌粒子群算法多使用Logistic混沌映射,但Logistic混沌映射产生的混沌序列不够均匀,影响了混沌粒子群算法的性能。提出在混沌粒子群算法中引入均匀性更好的An混沌映射,利用An混沌映射初始化粒子群的位置和速度,并通过适应度方差的变化来自适应控制部分粒子进行混沌更新,来改善混沌粒子群算法的性能。数值仿真的结果表明,改进算法的收敛性和全局搜索能力都有所提高,能有效避免早熟收敛。     

基于Windows95平台的实时控制技术

本针对微细电火花加工控制这样一个实时性要求很高的计算机控制系统,分析了控制对象对控制软件的要求,对Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５的系统在实时笥方面有关内容进行深入剖析,指出仅仅通过Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５的ＡＰＩ,及定时器要完成高精度实时控制是不可能的,并且提出了解决的方法：通过成熟软件ＶｔｏｏｌｓＤ来编写虚拟设备程序。本分析了虚拟设备程序的强大功能,简要介绍了用ＶｔｏｏｌｓＤ编写中断处理程序的方法,介绍了采用     

三角片离散法实现数控铣床加工仿真

三角片离散法是根据三轴数控铣床加工中的特点提出的加工仿真方法。文中结合笔者在微机上制作仿真软件的经验,使用三角片离散法实现数控铣床加工仿真;并详细地介绍了三角片离散法的原理、简化模型、计算方法以及提高效率的途径。该方法简单易行,而且有很好的真实感效果。     

用于Micro-EDM放电状态分类的多传感器集成与信息融合系统

在Ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＥＤＭ（微细电火花加工）中,由于加工信号的频率高、加工波形的畸变,使得常规的用于放电状态检测的方法,如电压波形采样、放电延时等,已不再适用。利用多传感器的信息融合进行目标识别,可以避免单一传感器的局限性,减少各传感器不确定性的影响。文中描述了一人用于目标识别与分类的基于模型的多传感器系统。该系统选用以决策层为主的方法,以模糊神经网络作为其信息融合的工具。体现了多传感器信息融合优越性。