两亲性共聚物P(MMA-co-AMPS)对聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜性能的影响

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为亲水单体,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为疏水单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用自由基共聚合法制得了两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA);以两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混,通过相转变法制备PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、热失重法表征无规共聚物的组成和热稳定性能。并通过扫描电子显微镜,傅里叶变换红外光谱、吸水率测试、表面润湿性测试,探讨了不同单体摩尔比对PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,单体AMPS与MMA间发生自由基聚合生成两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA)。PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜表面多孔,内部有大孔,存在相对致密皮层和多孔的支撑层。当2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的摩尔比为2∶1时,PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜吸水率和表面润湿性能最好。     

连接SiCp/6063Al复合材料的Al-Si-Cu-Ce-Ti箔状钎料制备及其性能研究

采用快凝甩带技术制备了6组不同Ti含量的(Al-10Si-20Cu-0.05Ce)-xTi急冷箔状钎料,并对SiCp/6063Al复合材料进行真空钎焊,然后对钎料及接头的显微组织和性能进行分析。结果表明,急冷箔较常规铸态钎料的组织细小、均匀;固、液相线降低,熔化区间变窄;随着Ti含量的增加,急冷箔中片状Al-Si-Ti金属间化合物相增多,导致钎料脆性增加;6组钎料在复合材料上润湿性较差,但在6063Al合金上润湿性良好。在580℃钎焊温度、保温30min条件下,采用1%Ti含量急冷箔状钎料成功连接了SiCp/6063Al复合材料,钎焊接头组织致密、完整,急冷箔状钎料与6063Al合金基体连接界面可进行充分的冶金结合,且接头剪切强度达到104.9 MPa;钎焊前采用夹具增加接头压力可显著提高接头的连接质量。     

高温下液硅的润湿性

液硅在耐高温材料上的润湿性对于低成本太阳能电池生产过程中硅的精炼和铸造具有重要的研究意义。为了研究液硅的润湿性,采用座滴法分别研究真空和氩气气氛以及不同温度条件下液硅在高纯石墨以及刚玉基底材料上的接触角。实验结果表明,高纯石墨基底材料表面越粗糙,液硅所形成的接触角越小,从而润湿性越好;真空条件下液硅在刚玉上的接触角并没有随着加热温度的上升呈现下降的趋势,而是在88°~90°的范围内波动,分析图像的过程中可明显看到液硅在刚玉基底材料上左右来回蠕动的现象。     

催化剂加载对连续碳纤维表面生长碳纳米管的影响

通过化学气相沉积(CVD)在碳纤维表面还原得到均匀细小的催化剂颗粒并在碳纤维表面催化生长了均匀、规整的碳纳米管(CNTs)。系统研究了催化剂种类以及浓度对碳纳米管产量和微观组织结构的影响,探究了碳纤维的浸润性能和单丝强度的变化。结果表明,Ni的催化活性最高,Co的催化活性适中,产生的CNTs较为均匀、规整,当催化剂浓度为0.02mol/L时,碳纤维表面生长CNTs多尺度增强体的拉伸强度最大。碳纤维表面生长CNTs,促使碳纤维的表面粗糙度增加,与树脂之间的结合变强,从而提高了碳纤维与环氧树脂之间的浸润性。     

Effect of uncoated and coated diamond on the compressive properties of porous aluminium composites

Porous aluminium composites are structural and functional materials that have vast potential, due to their lightweight and high energy absorption capacity, especially in automotive and aerospace applications. In this study, the effect of varying content of uncoated and titanium coated diamond particles on the compressive properties of porous aluminium composite was investigated. The composites were developed using powder metallurgy technique and porosity was attained by using polymethylmethacrylate (30 wt.%) as space holder material. The morphology of the pores was found to replicate the shape and size of polymethylmethacrylate particles, that were uniformly distributed in the composites. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed formation of aluminium carbide in uncoated diamond-based aluminium composites while negligible amount was present in titanium coated porous composites during sintering. The porosities of composites decreased with an increase in diamond content due to the incomplete decomposition of polymethylmethacrylate particles. Moreover, the maximum plateau stress and energy absorption capacity of 9.96 MPa and 1.7 Mj/m³ were obtained for the composites with 8 wt.% of titanium coated diamond particles. Thus, coating inhibits the formation of undesirable compounds and contributes to better interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement.     

液体壁面滑移的分子动力学研究

以平行板间液氩的Poiseuille流为例,用分子动力学模拟的方法,对壁面润湿性、外部驱动力以及通道宽度影响液体壁面滑移现象进行了研究.结果表明:在疏水性微通道中,液体的流动存在边界正滑移;在亲水性微通道中,在外力较小时,液体的流动存在边界负滑移,即有类似宏观的边界粘滞层存在,而当外力逐渐增大时,边界滑移从负滑移变为正的滑移.液体在不同宽度的微通道中流动时,绝对滑移长度均随外力的增大而变小,并趋向于定值.研究还发现在不同空间大小的通道中,壁面滑移速度随外力的增大而增大的变化存在拐点,在拐点两侧,界面作用的影响不同.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID TRANSPORT IN A SINGLE FILLED FRACTURE BY LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

In this article,the Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid(NAPL)transport in the single filled fracture was studied with the Shan-Chen multi-component multiphase Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with special consideration of wettability effects.With the help of the model,the contact angle of the non-wetting phase and wetting phase interface at a solid wall could be adjusted.By considering a set of appropriate boundary conditions,the fractured conductivity was investigated in condition that the NAPL blocks the channels in the single filled fracture.In order to study the wettability effects on the NAPL transport,a constant driving force was introduced in the Shan-Chen multi-component multiphase LBM.Flow regimes with different wettabilities were discussed.Simulated results show that the LBM is a very instrumental method for simulating and studying the immiscible multiphase flow problems in single filled fracture.     

西峰白马区润湿反转剂驱模拟研究

西峰油田白马区长8油藏平均渗透率为0.77×10-3 μm2,属低渗透率油藏,储层岩石润湿性普遍存在中性-偏亲油性.为了提高原油采收率,针对该油藏条件开展了室内润湿反转剂驱实验和数值模拟研究,优选出适合该油藏的最佳驱油方案为:段塞尺寸为0.1倍孔隙体积,段塞组合为1 000 mg/L(0.05 PV) 200 mg/L(0.05 PV).应用润湿反转剂模型预测最佳驱油方案的原油采收率可以达到36.75%,与注水开发相比提高9%左右,润湿反转剂换油率达到538 t/t.可以认为低渗透油藏注润湿反转剂开发是可行的.     

SiCP增强泡沫铝基复合材料制备工艺及润湿性研究

对采用熔体发泡法直接制备碳化硅颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料进行了探索，讨论了制备过程中SiCp与铝液间的润湿性、发泡工艺参数与温度控制等对制备工艺的影喻。表明该工艺简单，易于操作，不需任何增粘措施，处理后的SiCp浸润性好且分布均匀，孔洞分布均匀。