压缩弧光等离子束熔覆层中晶相与非晶相

用压缩弧光等离子束在 45钢表面熔覆Fe Cr Si B粉末涂层 ,采用能谱、透射电镜、电子探针对熔覆层结构进行分析。结果表明 ,熔覆层中晶相与非晶相并存 ,晶相由A(Me)、F(Me)、Me2 3 C6 等相组成 ,且 [2 11]A∥ [2 11]Me2 3 C6 ,(111) A ∥ (111) Me2 3 C6 ,(0 11) A ∥ (0 11) Me2 3 C6 ,即A与Me2 3 C6 保持共格关系 ,而[111]F∥ [32 1]Me2 3 C6 ,(10 1) F∥ (111) Me2 3 C6 。非晶相中Si、Cr等元素含量较高 ,从动力学和热力学两方面对非晶的形成进行了分析     

采用不同模型预测低碳Fe–Ni合金等离子熔覆层的冲击韧性

采用等离子熔覆法在Mn13高锰钢上制备了低碳Fe-Ni合金层。以熔覆电流、喷头移动速率、离子气流量和热处理温度作为输入参数,以冲击韧性作为输出参数,建立了BP(误差反向传播)神经网络模型和粒子群算法优化(PSO)BP神经网络模型,并跟冲击韧性与热处理温度之间的线性回归模型进行对比。结果表明,线性回归模型、BP神经网络模型和PSO-BP模型的平均相对误差分别为7.06%、6.12%和3.03%。PSO-BP模型的预测结果与实测值的误差较小。     

Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase SmPHA4 Negatively Regulates the Biosynthesis of Tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, due to the pharmacological action of its active components such as the tanshinones. Plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase plays key roles in numerous physiological processes in plants. However, little is known about the PM H⁺-ATPase gene family in S. miltiorrhiza (Sm). Here, nine PM H⁺-ATPase isoforms were identified and named SmPHA1–SmPHA9. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genetic distance of SmPHAs was relatively far in the S. miltiorrhiza PM H⁺-ATPase family. Moreover, the transmembrane structures were rich in SmPHA protein. In addition, SmPHA4 was found to be highly expressed in roots and flowers. HPLC revealed that accumulation of dihydrotanshinone (DT), cryptotanshinone (CT), and tanshinone I (TI) was significantly reduced in the SmPHA4-OE lines but was increased in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines, ranging from 2.54 to 3.52, 3.77 to 6.33, and 0.35 to 0.74 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that SmPHA4 is a candidate regulator of tanshinone metabolites. Moreover, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of tanshinone biosynthetic-related key enzymes was also upregulated in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines. In summary, this study highlighted PM H⁺-ATPase function and provided new insights into regulatory candidate genes for modulating secondary metabolism biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.     

Proliferation to Apoptosis Tumor Cell Ratio as a Biomarker to Improve Clinical Management of Pre-Malignant and Symptomatic Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells are prognostic biomarkers in plasma cell neoplasms (PCNs). The prognostic capacity of proliferation to apoptosis ratio (Ratio-PA) in the era of immunomodulatory treatments is re-evaluated in 316 gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), 57 smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), and 266 multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Ratio-PA of 0.77 ± 0.12, 1.94 ± 0.52, and 11.2 ± 0.7 (p < 0.0001) were observed in MGUS, SMM, and MM patients. Ten-year overall survival (10y-OS) rates for patients with low/high Ratio-PA were 93.5%/77.3% p < 0.0001) for MGUS, 82.5%/64.7% (p < 0.05) for SMM, and 62.3%/47.0% (p < 0.05) for MM. For patients with low, intermediate, and high risk, 10y-OS for low/high Ratio-PA were 95.5%/72.9% (p < 0.0001), 74.2%/50.4% (p < 0.0001), and 35.3%/20.0% (p = 0.836), respectively. Ratio-PA was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 2.119, p < 0.0001, Harrell-C-statistic = 0.7440 ± 0.0194) when co-analyzed with sex, age, and standard risk. In patients with Ratio-PA^high, only first-line therapy with VRd/VTd, but not PAD/VCD, coupled with ASCT was associated with high 10y-OS (82.7%). Tumor cell Ratio-PA estimated at diagnosis offers a prognostic biomarker that complements standard risk stratification and helps to guide the clinical management of pre-malignant and symptomatic PCNs. Every effort should be made to provide first-line therapies including VTd or VRd associated with ASCT to patients with Ratio-PA^high at higher risk of progression and death.     

Thai Tea Seed Oil and Virgin Olive Oil Similarly Reduce Plasma Lipids: A Pilot Study within a Healthy Adult Male Population

The potential cardiovascular benefit of virgin olive oil (VOO) is widely recognized. However, the use of VOO at very high cooking temperatures makes these oils poorly suited for many Asian dishes. The use of tea seed oil (TSO) is increasing in Thailand, with TSO having a higher smoke point than VOO. The current study examines the effects of daily TSO intake in healthy adults. In a randomized, single-blind crossover design, 12 men consumed for 3 weeks 40 g day⁻¹ of food prepared with either TSO or VOO as a cooking oil. Plasma lipids, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and oxidant defense enzyme activities are measured before and after each 3-week intervention period. Gas chromatography analysis of TSO and VOO demonstrates that both oils are equally high in monounsaturated fatty acid. The dietary incorporation of TSO and VOO for three weeks reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations by 15% and 13%, respectively; with total cholesterol (TC) levels lowered by 10% in both groups. No significant changes in TBARS or antioxidant enzyme activity is observed. These results support the concept that Thai TSO can be utilized as a suitable and healthy alternative oil for high-temperature cooking in many Thai and Asian diets. Practical Applications: Tea seed oil from Camellia oleifera grown in Thailand has been recently reported to favorably lower lipid profiles in hamsters fed a high-fat diet in a manner similar to feeding refined olive oil or grapeseed oil. A pilot crossover trial is conducted to compare the effects of three weeks of daily intake of either TSO or VOO in healthy human adults. Consumption of both oils produced significant reductions in TC and LDL-C. Thai TSO leads to favorable lipid profiles and is a reasonable choice for many Thai and Asian food recipes.     

Microstructure and properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides prepared by multiple spark plasma sintering

In this study, WC-8Co cemented carbides were prepared by spark plasma sintering. When the samples sintered at 1300℃ were cooled to room temperature, the samples were sintered multiple times at 1250℃. The changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides prepared by multiple spark plasma sintering were studied. The hardness of cemented carbides increased in the first two sintering, reaching 16.5 GPa. However, the hardness decreased seriously in the last two sintering. The attenuation rates of hardness were 6.2% and 2.5% due to the abnormal coarse grains. Furthermore, the crack path along the grain boundary was almost straight, causing a decrease in the indentation fracture toughness of cemented carbides. Additionally, the grains of cemented carbides were abnormally coarsened, and the morphologies of grains became unstable due to multiple sintering.     

Processing of yttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings implementing a high-power laser diode

Several studies have been undertaken recently to adapt yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YPSZ) thermal barrier coating (TBC) characteristics during their manufacturing process. Thermal spraying implementing laser irradiation appears to be a possibility for modifying the coating morphology. This study aims to present the results of in situ (i.e., simultaneous treatment) and a posteriori (i.e., post-treatment) laser treatments implementing a high-power laser diode. In both cases, the coatings underwent atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Laser irradiation was achieved using a 3 kW, average-power laser diode exhibiting an 848 nm wavelength. Experiments were performed to reach two goals. First, laser post-treatments aimed at building a map of the laser-processing parameter effects on the coating microstructure to estimate the laser-processing parameters, which seem to be suited to the change into in situ coating remelting. Second, in situ coating remelting aimed at quantifying the involved phenomena. In that case, the coating was treated layer by layer as it was manufactured. The input energy effect was studied by varying the scanning velocity (i.e., between 35 and 60 m/min), and consequently the irradiation time (i.e., between 1.8 and 3.1 ms, respectively). Experiments showed that coating thermal conductivity was lowered by more than 20% and that coating resistance to isothermal shocks was increased very significantly.     

不锈轴承钢真空制备过程洁净度及碳化物变化

 为了提高G102Cr18Mo高碳不锈轴承钢的洁净度、细化碳化物组织,采用真空感应熔炼、两次真空自耗重熔、大锻压比锻造的工艺路线,研究了真空处理及大锻压比锻造对化学成分、气体含量、夹杂物分布、二次枝晶间距及碳化物颗粒度的影响。研究结果表明,真空感应熔炼过程(VIM)中,随着铝含量的增加,碳的脱氧能力大幅降低,即使铝质量分数为0.003%也对碳的脱氧能力有明显的阻碍作用;真空自耗重熔过程(VAR)由于高的真空度、高的重熔温度等热力学条件以及反应动力学条件的改善,氧含量显著降低,第一次自耗重熔后氧质量分数从0.001 49%降低至0.000 57%,降低了61.7%,第二次自耗重熔后氧质量分数降低至0.000 50%。真空感应熔炼、真空自耗重熔过程,夹杂物的成分变化不大,主要以Al-Si夹杂为主,其次为Al₂O₃夹杂,再次为MnS夹杂、Mg-Al-Ca、Mg/Ca-Al夹杂。双真空冶炼后,钢中夹杂物主要为0～5 μm的细小夹杂物,未发现大于20 μm的夹杂,含有少量10～20 μm的夹杂,钢的洁净度大幅度提高。在真空自耗锭横断面上,从边部向芯部二次枝晶的形貌变化不大,二次枝晶间距逐渐增大,但是变化趋势缓慢,二次枝晶间距为85～95 μm,这主要得益于低的自耗重熔速度。对真空自耗锭进行大变形处理,最终锻造成40 mm的圆棒,碳化物颗粒的最大尺寸不大于20 μm,平均尺寸为15 μm,且没有碳化物聚集的现象。低的自耗重熔速度和大锻压比锻造是碳化物细化的关键。     

扫描速度对硼铸铁气缸套表面钨极氩弧硬化效果的影响

研究了钨极氩弧扫描速度对硼铸铁表面硬化效果的影响规律。结果表明：扫描速度增加,硬化层宽度、深度减小,而硬度提高,裂纹率增大；硬化层硬度沿层深的分布是从表及里由高而低,在过渡区下降缓慢；沿层宽的分布是层中心最高,向两侧逐渐降低,直至硼铸铁基体达到最低值；在保证不出现裂纹的条件下,硬化层表面的最高硬度值可达61．4HRC,硬化层最高显微硬度值可达1156．4HV0．1；硼铸铁材料采用氩弧热源淬火时,淬硬层与基体之间过渡区明显,硬化区组织为莱氏体,过渡区为马氏体、残余奥氏体和少量石墨。