定向结晶时高温合金组织控制的工艺前景EI

报道了俄国航空材料研究院(ВИАМ)在定向单晶高温合金组织控制方面的最新研究成果,例如,利用高速定向结晶工艺创造具有单晶组织的宽弦叶片,以及制造前后缘为规定位相的单晶,而在叶身中部为细柱状定向结晶组织的复合组织叶片。这些新工艺提高了材料的工作能力和发动机寿命。     

Contact interaction of double titanium and chromium diboride with Fe-Cr alloys

The kinetics of wetting double titanium and chromium diboride by iron-based alloys with different chromium content is studied. It is shown that contact angles are formed in such systems over the range 0–10°. The energy parameters of wetting are calculated. It is established that chromium as a surface-active element promotes Fe-Cr alloy spreading on the diboride surface. The microstructure of the interaction area is studied. It is shown that terminal solid solutions and eutectics are formed in the TiCrB₂-(Fe-Cr) system. The optimum compositions of the metallic binder are determined for TiCrB₂-based composite materials. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Vol. 46, No. 1–2(453), pp. 109–115, 2007     

20CrMo棒材带状组织的控制研究

通过Gleeble-1500热模拟机对20CrMo轧材精轧阶段轧制过程及冷却过程的模拟,研究了终轧温度、冷却速度对室温组织的影响,分析了形成带状组织的条件,最终得出了理想室温组织的终轧温度和冷却速度。     

钻井工程固井胶结界面研究现状

固井质量问题在石油勘探开发中备受关注，对特殊工艺井钻井、油水井开采寿命和勘探开发效益有直接的影响。对固井胶结界面的研究是从根本上提高固井质量的一项基础性研究工作。为了推动固井胶结界面研究工作的开展，分析了国内外近年来有关固井界面研究的文献，阐述了开展固井胶结界面基础研究工作的意义，着重分析了这一研究领域目前所采用的研究方法，以及提高固井界面胶结强度的主要途径。在分析文献的基础上，提出今后深入开展固井界面研究工作的重点是：1）继续完善研究方法；2）重视动态研究；3）从胶结界面的微观结构和钻井工程整体系统的角度开展研究工作；4）注重改善胶结界面水化产物的微观结构和钻井工作液之间的协调增强作用。     

添加高速钢粉对烧结钢组织与性能的影响

研究了添加高速钢粉对烧结钢组织与性能的影响。实验结果表明，含２０％高速钢的烧结钢综合力学性能最好；添加高速钢粉能导致烧结钢密度减小的冲击韧性降低，当高速钢含量增中时，硬度随之增加，烧结钢中残余奥氏体和马氏体的含量与高速钢的含量呈线性关系。烧结钢中的马氏体显微硬度很高，它主要原高速钢粒子和原铁粒子的连接区域形成。     

An automated tanh-function method for finding solitary wave solutions to non-linear evolution equations

The tanh-function method for finding explicit travelling solitary wave solutions to non-linear evolution equations is described. The method is usually extremely tedious to use by hand. We present a Mathematica package ATFM that deals with the tedious algebra and outputs directly the required solutions. The use of the package is illustrated by applying it to a variety of equations; not only are previously known solutions recovered but in some cases more general forms of solution are obtained.     

Comparison of interfaces in Ti composites reinforced with uncoated and TiB2/C-coated SiC fibres

Interfaces play an important role in determining the mechanical properties of composite materials. The interfaces established between a titanium-alloy matrix (Ti-6Al-4V) and uncoated and TiB₂/C-coated SiC fibres are analysed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray techniques. Emphasis is placed upon the interfacial morphology and microstructure, identification of reaction products, and the stability of the coating layer. Complex multi-reaction layers are observed frequently in the interfacial zones. Previous, often contradictory, reports about the interlayers are reviewed. Experimental observation demonstrates that the type and distribution of interlayers vary in a given system, due to prolonged treatment of the samples at temperature. The formation and distribution of the interlayers are discussed further, with respect to these and previous findings. Methods of reducing interfacial reactivity are discussed.     

基于SPI的辽宁省庄河市近35年干旱演变特性研究

庄河市是辽南地区的重要水源地,分析其干旱演变特性有利于该地区水资源的合理开发与利用,对于防旱减灾、合理布局产业结构具有重要的现实意义。本文根据庄河市1984年1月1日至2018年12月31日的逐日降水数据计算了1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月共4个不同时间尺度下的标准化降水指数(SPI),并基于SPI对该地区近35年的年际与季节干旱演变特征进行了分析。结果表明:在年际变化方面,庄河市的SPI在2000年以前波动幅度较小,说明该地区的降水在时间上分布较为均匀;但自2000年以来,SPI序列出现较大的波峰与波谷,说明降雨的分布不均匀性有所增强;SPI的时间序列趋势线斜率为负值,说明该地区整体上呈现偏旱趋势,因此其水资源压力不断增大。在季节演变特征方面,夏季干旱和秋季干旱呈现增强趋势;秋旱的发生频率最高,而夏旱的出现频率最低。本研究结果可为庄河地区的抗旱减灾与水资源规划提供科学依据。     

Differential Evolution Algorithm Based Self-adaptive Control Strategy for Fed-batch Cultivation of Yeast

In the fed-batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, excessive glucose addition leads to increased ethanol accumulation, which will reduce the efficiency of glucose utilization and inhibit product synthesis. Insufficient glucose addition limits cell growth. To properly regulate glucose feed, a different evolution algorithm based on self-adaptive control strategy was proposed, consisting of three modules (PID, system identification and parameter optimization). Performance of the proposed and conventional PID controllers was validated and compared in simulated and experimental cultivations. In the simulation, cultivation with the self-adaptive control strategy had a more stable glucose feed rate and concentration, more stable ethanol concentration around the set-point (1.0 g•L^-1), and final biomass concentration of 34.5 g-DCW•L^-1, 29.2% higher than that with a conventional PID control strategy. In the experiment, the cultivation with the self-adaptive control strategy also had more stable glucose and ethanol concentrations, as well as a final biomass concentration that was 37.4% higher than that using the conventional strategy.     

On an evolutionary approach for constrained optimization problem solving

Over the last few decades, many different evolutionary algorithms have been introduced for solving constrained optimization problems. However, due to the variability of problem characteristics, no single algorithm performs consistently over a range of problems. In this paper, instead of introducing another such algorithm, we propose an evolutionary framework that utilizes existing knowledge to make logical changes for better performance. The algorithmic aspects considered here are: the way of using search operators, dealing with feasibility, setting parameters, and refining solutions. The combined impact of such modifications is significant as has been shown by solving two sets of test problems: (i) a set of 24 test problems that were used for the CEC2006 constrained optimization competition and (ii) a second set of 36 test instances introduced for the CEC2010 constrained optimization competition. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm shows better performance in comparison to the state-of-the-art algorithms.