Comparative analysis of different methods for image enhancement

Image enhancement technology plays a very important role to improve image quality in image processing. By enhancing some information and restraining other information selectively, it can improve image visual effect. The objective of this work is to implement the image enhancement to gray scale images using different techniques. After the fundamental methods of image enhancement processing are demonstrated, image enhancement algorithms based on space and frequency domains are systematically investigated and compared. The advantage and defect of the above-mentioned algorithms are analyzed. The algorithms of wavelet based image enhancement are also deduced and generalized. Wavelet transform modulus maxima（WTMM） is a method for detecting the fractal dimension of a signal, it is well used for image enhancement. The image techniques are compared by using the mean（μ）,standard deviation（？）, mean square error（MSE） and PSNR（peak signal to noise ratio）. A group of experimental results demonstrate that the image enhancement algorithm based on wavelet transform is effective for image de-noising and enhancement. Wavelet transform modulus maxima method is one of the best methods for image enhancement.     

基于层叠模型的网络流量异常检测方法*

进行网络流量异常检测,需要对正常流量行为建立准确的模型,根据异常流量与正常模型间的偏离程度作出判断。针对现有网络流量模型中自相似模型与多分形模型无法全面刻画流量特征的不足,提出了一种基于流量层叠模型分析的异常检测算法,采用层叠模型对整个时间尺度上的流量特征进行更准确的描述,并运用小波变换对流量的层叠模型进行估计,分析异常流量对模型估计的影响,提出统计累计偏离量进行异常流量检测的方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效检测出基于自相似Hurst系数方法不能检测的弱异常以及未明显影响Hurst系数变化的异常流。     

低碳结构钢的氢脆行为研究

采用宏观、微观、纳米等手段,开展低碳钢在酸性环境中氢诱导作用对其力学性能影响进行研究。从研究结果可以看出,氢浓度和腐蚀扩展速率存在一定关系,低碳钢暴露于富氢酸性环境28天后,体积弹性模量显著降低。通过微观结构分析,发现氢渗透引起的大晶粒的变形、裂纹和氢鼓包是性能下降的主要原因。此外,通过在不同时间对试样的不同区域进行纳米压痕,确定了氢对晶粒纳米弹性和纳米硬度性能的影响。在宏观、微观和纳米层面上对受到氢损伤钢的力学性能的进一步研究,将对低碳结构钢的维护和使用寿命预测提供一种新途径。     

弛豫铁电体Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3的相变

测量了(1-x％)镁铌酸铅-x％钛酸铅(1≤X≤11)(简称PMNTx)陶瓷样品的介电常数、内耗和Young’s模量．观测到在Tm温度附近，即在介电常数达到最大值时，出现一个内耗峰，并且模量发生软化．这反映了极化纳米微畴的弛豫．对于PMNTx(5≤x≤11)的样品，在Tm温度以下的某个温度出现附加的内耗峰和Young’s模量的异常，表明样品中发生了自发的弛豫铁电到铁电(简称R-F)的相变，对R-F相变的机制进行了讨论．     

Ti-Mo-Zr-Fe合金的微观结构与纳米压入特性的关系

通过不同的热处理制度控制TMZF合金中的相组成和含量，利用XRD分析确定各种相结构。利用纳米压入测量仪测试了不同组织结构下的硬度和弹性模量。结果表明，当合金中存在ω相时，合金的的硬度和弹性模量最高，随着热处理温度的提高，合金中的ω相消失，代之而来的是α相，而且越接近β转变温度，α相含量越少，对应的弹性模量和硬度越来越低。对于Ti—Mo—Zr-Fe合金来说压入性能（硬度、弹性模量）与相成分之间存在着良好的匹配关系。     

Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction in polycrystalline copper

An attempt has been made to measure the temperature dependence of dynamic Young’s modulus together with the related variation of internal friction in polycrystalline copper. A mechanical spectroscopy study was employed using a standard servo hydraulic fatigue testing machine equipped with a scanning laser extensometer. Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction were measured over a temperature range of 298 to 873 K at very low frequencies of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 Hz. One internal friction peak was observed over the ranges 450 to 700 K, together with marked decreases in the dynamic Young’s modulus in the same temperature range. From a quantitative analysis of the experimental data with the relaxation strength, relaxation time, and activation energy, it is concluded that the peak phenomenon is due to grain-boundary sliding relaxation.     

冷轧模拟器气泡现象机理分析及攻关措施

冷轧模拟器是模拟轧机轧制带钢的试验设备。针对其张力液压缸存在抖动现象，同时液压油缸存在大量气泡，不能满足轧制要求的问题，对其原因进行了分析。结果表明，液压系统单液压缸匹配双伺服阀的特殊设计，当伺服阀左位工作时，压力比远大于3.5的气穴临界值，造成大量气泡产生；而对液压油体积弹性模量的机理研究表明，气体的存在降低了液压油体积弹性模量，极易造成系统不稳定。通过对液压油箱结构优化，引导液压油“S型”流动，使气体充分释放，张力液压缸抖动现象明显改善，满足了冷轧模拟轧制要求。     

计算机技术在建筑材料动态弹性模量测量上的应用

为保证建筑物的质量，在工程中必须对建筑材料质量进行检测。共振法无损检测是一种在混凝土等建筑材料特性检测中广泛使用的技术。介绍了一种利用计算机技术对建筑材料弹性模量进行测量的无损检测新方法，它利用成熟的计算机软硬件以及功能强大的VisualBasic软件开发系统，能方便快捷地测量建筑材料的动态弹性模量，结果稳定可靠，界面可视性强，系统简单。该技术已经成功应用在作者所开发的动弹仪产品中。     

Magnetoelectric voltage coefficients of magnetoelectric composites

The magnetoelectric（ME） effect of the particulate magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite was theoretically studied. The dependence of the ME voltage coefficients on the material properties of the magnetostrictive phase was discussed. The permittivity, permeability and the elastic modulus of the magnetostrictive phase generally have obvious influences on the ME voltage coefficients. The magnetostrictive phase with a large permittivity, large permeability or stiffer modulus will respectively contribute to the higher ME voltage coefficients. For a certain kind of piezoelectric matrix, the ME voltage coefficients can be improved to some extent by choosing those magnetostrictive materials with large permittivity, permeability or high elastic modulus.     

串联法氧化铝生产中的合流脱硅

合流脱硅是简化联合法生产流程、降低能耗的有效措施。因此。国内外业界做了大量卓有成效的工作。串联法的工艺特点，更宜于采用合流脱硅。试验结果表明，串联法采用常压合流脱硅流程可以达到所需要的硅量指数。文中还对合流脱硅的硅量指数、合流点、合流脱硅温度、赤泥种子和添加石灰乳等问题进行了讨论。