石墨颗粒表面化学镀铜研究

为了充分利用Cu的导电性能，碳石墨的润滑性能，改善Cu/C的润湿性，用化学镀铜的方法成功地对石墨颗粒表面进行镀覆，详细地研究了镀铜液组分及工艺与石墨颗粒表面镀铜层厚度、沉积速率的关系，并得出较好的组分工艺方案，采用优化工艺可以得到平均厚度约7．1μm的镀铜层。同时应用X射线、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及电子探针对镀铜层的厚度、表面形貌、镀铜层与基体的界面进行了全面观察。分析表明，Cu/C界面存在过渡层，界面成锯齿状，机械冶金结合的特征十分明显，改善了铜碳界面的相溶性。     

短碳纤维表面化学镀铜工艺研究

实验用NaOH对短碳纤维亲水化处理，无需敏化、活化等工艺直接放入镀液中化学镀铜，研究了镀液温度、pH值和装载量对镀层质量的影响。用光学显微镜观察了镀层的表面质量。结果表明，当温度为60℃，pH值为13，装载量为0．1g／60ml时．获得的镀层光滑致密。     

Oxidation-Rate Excursions During the Oxidation of Copper in Gaseous Environments at Moderate Temperatures

The kinetics of oxidation of copper powders in oxygen and in dry and humid air was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extent of oxidation grew linearly with time until the weight-based thickness of the oxide film reached 0.13–1.22 nm, depending on the temperature. Between 30 and 90°C there was little difference between the kinetic curves observed in air and in oxygen, respectively. Higher humidity of the air resulted in an increased oxidation rate. Following the initial linear segment, the oxidation kinetics could be best described in terms of a logarithmic rate law between 30 and 45°C and in terms of a power law between 60 and 90°C. The activation energy for the initial linear stage was (44±2) kJ and for the subsequent oxidation (102±12) kJ. Delayed increases in oxidation rate were observed with a ca. 0.1-m powder around 100°C, with a ca. 1-m powder around 320°C, and with a < 10m powder around 360°C. A three-stage model consisting of an initial linear stage, parabolic growth culminating in cracking of the oxide film, and subsequent re-start of the parabolic growth, gave good agreement with the experimental data. Whenever the powder is relatively uniform and the distribution of film-cracking times among the powder grains is narrow, e.g., within 23% of the median cracking time, an increase in the oxidation rate of the entire sample can be observed.     

热处理对铜合金模具材料组织和硬度的影响

对研制的新型铜合金模具材料（Cu-14Al-X）的热处理工艺进行了试验研究，分析讨论了固溶时效处理对铜合金模具材料组织和硬度的影响。结果表明，通过固溶时效处理可以显著改善铜合金模具材料的金相组织和硬度，其中时效时间对铜合金模具材料硬度的影响较大。在600℃时效处理时，随时效时间从2h增加到5h，硬度明显提高，5h后达到最高值48.2HRC。硬化的原因是时效过程中γ2相和k相的弥散折出。     

Effect of austenitization on austempering of copper alloyed ductile iron

A ductile iron containing 0.6% copper as the main alloying element was austempered at a fixed austempering temperature of 330 °C for a fixed austempering time of 60 min after austenitization at 850 °C for different austenitization periods of 60, 90, and 120 min. The austempering process was repeated after changing austenitization temperature to 900 °C. The effect of austenitization temperature and time was studied on the carbon content and its distribution in the austenite after austenitization. The effect of austenitization parameters was also studied on austempered microstructure, structural parameters like volume fraction of austenite, X _γ , carbon content C _γ , and X _γ C _γ , and bainitic ferrite needle size, d _α after austempering. The average carbon content of austenite increases linearly with austenitization time and reaches a saturation level. Higher austenitization temperature results in higher carbon content of austenite. As regards the austempered structure, the lowering austenitization temperature causes significant refinement and more uniform distribution of austempered structure, and a decrease in the volume fraction of retained austenite.     

高炉铜冷却壁凝固过程数值模拟

在对铜冷却壁砂型 金属型复合铸造条件下的热态工况进行分析的基础上,利用有限元数值模拟的方法首次建立了铸型传热分析对称模型。在模型中对铸型传热系统中的对流、辐射、接触边界条件和凝固潜热进行了处理,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,分析了紫铜冷却壁的温度场的变化。数值模拟的结果与实际生产相当吻合。     

焊接材料在空调行业的应用

针对目前空调行业冷凝器和蒸发器的材料使用以及其焊接现状入手,在降低成本、保证质量的前提下,提出对冷凝器和蒸发器材料的改换以及可行性的焊接方法,尤其对扩散焊接方法进行详细的论述.     

Operation optimization of concentrate burner in copper flash smelting furnace

The software that simulates the flow, temperature, concentration and the heat generation field in the Outkumpu flash smelting furnace, was developed by a numerical method of the particle-gas flow together with some chemical reaction models. Many typical operating conditions were chosen for simulation in order to obtain the effect of the distribution air, process air, central oxygen and the oil-burner position etc. The concepts about optimum op-eration, 3C(concentration of high temperature, high oxygen and laden concentrate particles), are concluded from these simulated results, which have been checked primarily by operational experiments.     

Copper hydrometallurgy-current status,preliminary economics,future direction and positioning versus smelting

The heap leaching of oxide copper ores with copper cathode recovery by solvent extraction and electrowinning is now well established as a low-cost method of copper recovery. This technology has recently been applied successfully to mixed oxide and chalcocite ores, notably in Chile at Cerro Colorado, Quebrada Blanca and Zaldivar.Currently, there are significant development efforts underway to try to extend heap leaching to chalcopyrite ores.The success of heap leaching/SX/EW has also led to a revival in the development of hydrometallurgical processes to recover copper from chalcopyrite and other copper concentrates. The current status of copper hydrometallurgy is reviewed and the most commercially attractive potential applications are explored. The advantages and disadvantages of the hydrometallurgical treatment of chalcopyrite concentrates and its preliminary economics are compared with those for the current best practices in copper smelting and refining.     

萃取技术处理低品位铜矿的设计实践

介绍了溶剂萃取技术在铜冶金中的应用,依据半工业实验报告,设计并提供了处理低品位铜矿的萃取流程及工艺参数控制,并确定了其设备的大小。