液态金属快速结晶的热力学驱动力

采用超高真空无容器悬浮熔炼技术使液态Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ的过冷度分别达２００和２３５Ｋ，借助量热法测定出其比热各为４８．６和４０．５Ｊ·ｍｏｌ~（－１）·Ｋ~（－１）．据此精确计算出深过冷Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ快速结晶的热力学驱动力△Ｇ_（ＬＳ），并与Ｔｕｒｎｂｕｌｌ模型和Ｄｕｂｅｙ－Ｒａｍａｃｈａｎｄｒａｒａｏ模型的近似计算结果相比较，发现这两种近似模型在过冷度超过１００Ｋ时均产生大于１％的偏差．进一步分析发现，△Ｇ_（ＬＳ）的计算偏差对深过冷液态金属中晶体形核率的影响极大，因此快速凝固研究中应尽可能精确计算△Ｇ_（ＬＳ）．     

Non-equilibrium solidification of undercooled Ni-31.44%Pb monotectic alloy melts

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｓｏｌｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｃｏｏｌｅｄａｌｌｏｙｍｅｌｔｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｏｆｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｓｔｕｄｙｆｏｒｏｖｅｒ30ａ .Ａｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｗａｙｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｍｏｄｅ     

Al改性HP40合金力学性能的研究

在HP40合金中加入5%～20％的Al替代Ni，进行室温压缩和硬度力学性能试验。结果表明，铝的加入使合金的强度和硬度得到了显著提高。但随着Al含量的提高，由于树枝状（Ni，Fe）Al金属间化合物的析出及增加,使合金的脆性增加。     

Effect of surface modification of metal hydride electrode on performance of MH/Ni batteries

A novel method was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride(MH)electrode of MH/Ni batteries.Both sides of the electrode were plated with a thin silver film about 0.1μm thick using vacuum evaporation plating technology,and the effect of the electrode on the performance of MH/Ni batteries was examined.It is found that the surface modification can enhance the electrode conductivity and decrease the battery ohimic resistance.After surface modification,the discharge capacity at 5C(7.5A)is increased by 212 mA.h and the discharge voltage is increased by 0.11 V,the resistance of the batteries is also decreased by 32%.The batteries with modified electrode exhibit satisfactory durability.The remaining capacity of the modified batteries is 89%of the initial capacity even after 500 cycles.The inner pressure of the batteries during overcharging is lowered and the charging efficiency of the batteries is improved.     

The Influence of High Temperature Exposure on the Wear Performance of a Ni Based Alloy PTA Coating

Degradation phenomena like wear and corrosion, may have their effects accelerated as components operate at high temperature. The aim of this work is to make an indirect evaluation of the influence of high temperature exposure on wear behavior of Ni coatings. A Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy, was deposited with Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) process. An indirect approach based on the Ahrrenius relationship was used to evaluated long time exposures at high temperatures. To simulate longer exposures at lower temperatures, coatings were exposed to higher temperatures for the same time interval. So coatings were soaked in an air furnace at 650℃, 1000℃ and 1200℃. Metal/metal wear behavior was evaluated by pin-on-disc tests. Pins were removed from the coatings by eletrodischarge machining and rubbed against a VC31 quenched and tempered tool steel. Two sets of wear tests were run at 2m/s, for different loads (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0Kg) and for different sliding distances (120, 720, 1080, 1440 and 1800m).Coatings characterization was done by scanning electronic microscopy and Vickers microhardness. Results showed as temperature is increased, coatings wear performance is altered,and this is associated with microstructural changes.     

Laser beam weld-metal microstructure in a yttrium modified directionally solidified Ni3Al-base alloy

The microstructure of laser beam weld-metal of an yttrium doped directionally solidified alloy IC 6A, with chemical composition Ni–16Al–8.5Mo–0.12B–0.05C–0.03Y (at.%) was studied. The dendritic microsegregation observed within the fusion zone indicated that dendrite cores were slightly depleted in molybdenum and aluminum and the interdendritic regions were also considerably enriched in yttrium. Severe cracking in the weld-metal was observed and was found to be closely associated with interdendritic eutectic-type microconstituents identified as consisting of γ, γ′ and Ni–Mo phases. An yttrium-rich phase (Ni₃Y) was observed in some interdendritic regions containing the eutectic γ, γ′ and Ni–Mo products. Their formation was discussed in relation to plausible microsegregation induced alteration of primary solidification path during cooling from welding temperatures.     

表面包覆改善球形Ni（OH）2高温性能的研究

采用Yb／Co氢氧化物共沉淀包覆方法和Ca3（PO4）2与Co（OH）2分别沉淀分层包覆方法在球形Ni（OH）2的表面进行了均匀的包覆。前者利用COSO4，YbCl3和NaOH溶液进行共沉淀包覆，后者是先在球形Ni（OH）2的表面沉淀包覆Ca3（PO4）2，然后再沉淀包覆Co（OH）2。结果显示，两种包覆方法均能有效地提高球形Ni（OH）2的高温（60℃）性能。按照Yb／Co=0．75％：2％共沉淀包覆的试样制成AA型电池后，在60℃下1C放电的容量保持率达到常温下的90％。而2％Ca3（P04）2与2％Co（OH）2分层包覆后的球形Ni（OH）2制成AA型电池后，在60℃下1C放电的容量保持率达到常温下的81％。未包覆和仅用Co（OH）2包覆的球形Ni（OH）2制成的AA型电池，在60℃下1C放电的容量保持率分别只有46％和48％。通过循环伏安测试表明，利用表面包覆的方法可以增大正极材料Ni（OH）2在高温下的氧化电位、析氧电位和两者之间的电位差，从而提高了材料在高温下的电化学性能。     

La0．67Mg0．33Ni2．5Co0．5贮氢合金的制备和MH电极性能研究

采用高频感应熔炼方法制备了PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金;用X射线衍射分析和电化学方法研究了添加不同Mg含量以补偿Mg元素烧损时合金的组织结构和电化学性能。X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,铸态合金由．PuNi3型主相和少量的CaCu5型第二相组成,铸态合金经1223K和10h退火处理后,CaCu5型第二相可明显减少,其中Mg增加10％时得到纯度较高的PuNi3型组织。电化学测试表明,增加适当Mg含量和进行退火热处理能明显提高和改善合金电极容量、循环稳定性和大电流放电性能。与AB5型和。482型Laves相贮氢合金比较,PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5贮氢合金具有电极容量高及优良的大电流放电性能。     

基于三维多孔泡沫镍材料的乳糖传感器研究

提出了一种基于三维多孔泡沫镍的乳糖传感器,采用泡沫镍材料作为工作电极,铂电极作为对电极,在0.1 M的NaOH碱性环境中以循环伏安法(CV)和电流-时间曲线法(i-t)建立了乳糖定量检测方法,循环伏安扫描结果证明乳糖可以被泡沫镍氧化,电流-时间检测结果表明乳糖在0.2 mmol/L~3.5 mmol/L的线性浓度范围内,泡沫镍检测乳糖的灵敏度为9.433 1 mA/(cm2·mmol/L),检测限为6.8μmol/L.本文所研究的乳糖传感器具有响应速度快、成本低、高灵敏度、低检测限等优势,具有较好的实际应用价值.